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Long-Term Changes in the Pollution of Warta River Bottom Sediments with Heavy Metals, Poland—Case Study

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  • Michał Fiedler

    (Department of Soil Science, Land Reclamation and Geodesy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Variability in the heavy metal concentrations in aquatic environments may be influenced by a number of factors that may occur naturally or due to anthropopressure. This article presents the risk of contaminating Warta River bottom sediments with heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Samples collected from 35 sites located along the river course were analysed over the period of 2010–2021. The calculated pollution indices are characterised by significant spatial variability that was additionally subject to changes in subsequent years. The analysis may have also been influenced by individual measurement results that, in extreme cases, may strongly deviate from the concentration values determined in the same site during the remaining years. The highest median concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb were in samples collected from sites that are surrounded by areas of anthropogenic land use. Samples from adjacent sites to agricultural areas showed the highest median concentrations of Co, Mn, and Ni, and Zn for those adjacent to forest areas. The research results indicate that, when analysing the degree of the risk of contaminating river bottom sediments with heavy metals, it is necessary to take into account long-term variability in metal concentrations. Taking into consideration data from only one year may lead to inappropriate conclusions and hinder planning protective measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Michał Fiedler, 2023. "Long-Term Changes in the Pollution of Warta River Bottom Sediments with Heavy Metals, Poland—Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:10:p:5869-:d:1150594
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. F. Torres-Bejarano & C. Couder-Castañeda & H. Ramírez-León & J. J. Hernández-Gómez & C. Rodríguez-Cuevas & I. E. Herrera-Díaz & H. Barrios-Piña, 2019. "Numerical Modelling of Heavy Metal Dynamics in a River-Lagoon System," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-24, May.
    2. Michał Fiedler, 2021. "The Effects of Land Use on Concentrations of Nutrients and Selected Metals in Bottom Sediments and the Risk Assessment for Rivers of the Warta River Catchment, Poland," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Song Cui & Fuxiang Zhang & Peng Hu & Rupert Hough & Qiang Fu & Zulin Zhang & Lihui An & Yi-Fan Li & Kunyang Li & Dong Liu & Pengyu Chen, 2019. "Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Urban and Rural Rivers in Harbin City, Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-15, November.
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