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The Removal of Pb 2+ from Aqueous Solution by Using Navel Orange Peel Biochar Supported Graphene Oxide: Characteristics, Response Surface Methodology, and Mechanism

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  • Zuwen Liu

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
    Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China
    School of Live Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China)

  • Shi Yang

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
    Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Linan Zhang

    (School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
    Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Jinfeng Zeng

    (Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China
    School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Shuai Tian

    (Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Geotechnology and Engineering Disaster Control, Ganzhou 341000, China
    School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Yuan Lin

    (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

Abstract

The value-added utilization of waste resources to synthesize functional materials is important to achieve the environmentally sustainable development. In this paper, the biochar supported graphene oxide (BGO) materials were prepared by using navel orange peel and natural graphite. The optimal adsorption parameters were analyzed by response surface methodology under the conditions of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and rotating speed. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model fitting experiments were carried out according to the optimal adsorption parameters, and the mechanism of BGO adsorption of Pb 2+ was explained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Compared with virgin biochar, the adsorption capacity of Pb 2+ on biochar supported graphene oxide was significantly increased. The results of response surface methodology optimization design showed that the order of influence on adsorption of Pb 2+ was solution pH > adsorbent dosage > rotating speed. The optimal conditions were as follows: solution pH was 4.97, rotating speed was 172.97 rpm, and adsorbent dosage was 0.086 g. In the adsorption–desorption experiment, the desorption efficiency ranged from 54.3 to 63.3%. The process of Pb 2+ adsorption by BGO is spontaneous and endothermic, mainly through electrostatic interaction and surface complexation. It is a heterogeneous adsorption process with heterogeneous surface, including surface adsorption, external liquid film diffusion, and intra-particle diffusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Zuwen Liu & Shi Yang & Linan Zhang & Jinfeng Zeng & Shuai Tian & Yuan Lin, 2022. "The Removal of Pb 2+ from Aqueous Solution by Using Navel Orange Peel Biochar Supported Graphene Oxide: Characteristics, Response Surface Methodology, and Mechanism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4790-:d:794410
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caixia Wu & Yungui Li & Mengjun Chen & Xiang Luo & Yuwei Chen & Nelson Belzile & Sheng Huang, 2018. "Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Dongping Shi & Chengyu Xie & Jinmiao Wang & Lichun Xiong, 2021. "Changes in the Structures and Directions of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Remediation Research from 1999 to 2020: A Bibliometric & Scientometric Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Sri Manovita Pateda & Masayuki Sakakibara & Koichiro Sera, 2021. "Element Rich Area Associated with Human Health Disorders: A Geomedical Science Approach to Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-9, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenling Yang & Gao Lei & Shujing Quan & Longfei Zhang & Baitao Wang & Hong Hu & Liangliang Li & Huan Ma & Chaohui Yin & Fei Feng & Yanyan Jing, 2022. "The Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions with Corn Stalk Biochar," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, October.

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