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Microbial Degradation of Azo Dyes: Approaches and Prospects for a Hazard-Free Conversion by Microorganisms

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Christina R. Ngo

    (Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany)

  • Dirk Tischler

    (Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany)

Abstract

Azo dyes have become a staple in various industries, as colors play an important role in consumer choices. However, these dyes pose various health and environmental risks. Although different wastewater treatments are available, the search for more eco-friendly options persists. Bioremediation utilizing microorganisms has been of great interest to researchers and industries, as the transition toward greener solutions has become more in demand through the years. This review tackles the health and environmental repercussions of azo dyes and its metabolites, available biological approaches to eliminate such dyes from the environment with a focus on the use of different microorganisms, enzymes that are involved in the degradation of azo dyes, and recent trends that could be applied for the treatment of azo dyes.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Christina R. Ngo & Dirk Tischler, 2022. "Microbial Degradation of Azo Dyes: Approaches and Prospects for a Hazard-Free Conversion by Microorganisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4740-:d:793654
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Motharasan Manogaran & Nur Adeela Yasid & Ahmad Razi Othman & Baskaran Gunasekaran & Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi & Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor, 2021. "Biodecolourisation of Reactive Red 120 as a Sole Carbon Source by a Bacterial Consortium—Toxicity Assessment and Statistical Optimisation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-26, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Ikram & Mohammad Naeem & Muhammad Zahoor & Abdur Rahim & Marlia Mohd Hanafiah & Adeleke Abdulrahman Oyekanmi & Abdul Bari Shah & Mater H. Mahnashi & Amer Al Ali & Naif A. Jalal & Farkad Bantu, 2022. "Biodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Red by Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Optimization of Process Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-28, August.

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