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Characteristics, Source Contributions, and Source-Specific Health Risks of PM 2.5 -Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Senior Citizens during the Heating Season in Tianjin, China

Author

Listed:
  • Nan Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chunmei Geng

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jia Xu

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Liwen Zhang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China)

  • Penghui Li

    (School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Jinbao Han

    (School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China)

  • Shuang Gao

    (School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)

  • Xinhua Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Wen Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Zhipeng Bai

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Wenge Zhang

    (Particle Laboratory, Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100022, China)

  • Bin Han

    (State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic impacts on human health. However, limited studies are available on the characteristics, sources, and source-specific health risks of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs based on personal exposure data, and comparisons of the contributions of indoor and outdoor sources are also lacking. We recruited 101 senior citizens in the winter of 2011 for personal PM 2.5 sample collection. Fourteen PAHs were analyzed, potential sources were apportioned using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and inhalational carcinogenic risks of each source were estimated. Six emission sources were identified, including coal combustion, gasoline emission, diesel emission, biomass burning, cooking, and environmental tobacco smoking (ETS). The contribution to carcinogenic risk of each source occurred in the following sequence: biomass burning > diesel emission > gasoline emission > ETS > coal combustion > cooking. Moreover, the contributions of biomass burning, diesel emission, ETS, and indoor sources (sum of cooking and ETS) to PAH-induced carcinogenic risk were higher than those to the PAH mass concentration, suggesting severe carcinogenic risk per unit contribution. This study revealed the contribution of indoor and outdoor sources to mass concentration and carcinogenic risk of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs, which could act as a guide to mitigate the exposure level and risk of PM 2.5 -bound PAHs.

Suggested Citation

  • Nan Zhang & Chunmei Geng & Jia Xu & Liwen Zhang & Penghui Li & Jinbao Han & Shuang Gao & Xinhua Wang & Wen Yang & Zhipeng Bai & Wenge Zhang & Bin Han, 2022. "Characteristics, Source Contributions, and Source-Specific Health Risks of PM 2.5 -Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Senior Citizens during the Heating Season in Tianjin, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:8:p:4440-:d:788861
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Neil J. Hime & Guy B. Marks & Christine T. Cowie, 2018. "A Comparison of the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution from Five Emission Sources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, June.
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