IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i7p3796-d777432.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study

Author

Listed:
  • Slawomir Gonkowski

    (Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Manolis Tzatzarakis

    (Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Elena Vakonaki

    (Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

  • Krystyna Makowska

    (Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Aristidis M. Tsatsakis

    (Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece)

  • Joanna Wojtkiewicz

    (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Triclosan (TCS) is an organic substance showing antibacterial action, which is commonly used in many branches of industry, including, among others, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and the food industry. TCS may penetrate into living organisms and negatively affect the health of humans and animals. The majority of previous investigations on TCS biomonitoring in humans have been performed on urine, but currently, studies on hair samples are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate TCS concentration levels in residents of Olsztyn, a city in northeastern Poland, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The presence of TCS was observed in 96.7% of samples tested, with concentration levels from 37.9 pg/mg to 3386.5 pg/mg. The mean concentration level of TCS in the present study was 402.6 (±803.6) pg/mg, and the median value was 103.3 pg/mg. Although there were some differences in TCS concentration levels between males and females, humans of various ages and humans with colored and natural hair had no statistically significant differences in TCS concentration levels. The obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in northeastern Poland are exposed to TCS to a large degree, and hair analysis, despite some limitations, is a suitable method for TCS biomonitoring in humans.

Suggested Citation

  • Slawomir Gonkowski & Manolis Tzatzarakis & Elena Vakonaki & Krystyna Makowska & Aristidis M. Tsatsakis & Joanna Wojtkiewicz, 2022. "The Presence of Triclosan in Human Hair Samples in Poland—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3796-:d:777432
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/3796/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/7/3796/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael T. Dinwiddie & Paul D. Terry & Jiangang Chen, 2014. "Recent Evidence Regarding Triclosan and Cancer Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-9, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yanqiu Shao & Kai Yang & Rongchang Jia & Chao Tian & Ying Zhu, 2018. "Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:7:p:3796-:d:777432. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.