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Non-Pharmacological Preventive Measures Had an Impact on COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination Effect: A Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Mireia Utzet

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fernando G. Benavides

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Rocío Villar

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Occupational Health Service, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Andrea Burón

    (IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Maria Sala

    (IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Luis-Eugenio López

    (Consorci Mar Parc de Salut de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Pau Gomar

    (Consorci Mar Parc de Salut de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Xavier Castells

    (IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Pilar Diaz

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Occupational Health Service, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • José María Ramada

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Occupational Health Service, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Consol Serra

    (Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Occupational Health Service, Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

Healthcare workers have been and still are at the forefront of COVID-19 patient care. Their infection had direct implications and caused important challenges for healthcare performance. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of non-pharmacological preventive measures against COVID-19 among healthcare workers. This study is based on a dynamic cohort of healthcare workers ( n = 5543) who had been hired by a Spanish hospital for at least one week during 2020. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate and the rate ratio (RR) between the two waves (defined from 15 March to 21 June and from 22 June to 31 December), considering natural immunity during the first wave and contextual variables. All models were stratified by socio-occupational variables. The average COVID-19 incidence rate per 1000 worker-days showed a significant reduction between the two waves, dropping from 0.82 (CI95%: 0.73–0.91) to 0.39 (0.35–0.44). The adjusted RR was 0.54 (0.48–0.87) when natural immunity was acquired during the first wave, and contextual variables were considered. The significant reduction of the COVID-19 incidence rate could be explained mainly by improvement in the non-pharmacological preventive interventions. It is needed to identify which measures were more effective. Young workers and those with a replacement contract were identified as vulnerable groups that need greater preventive efforts. Future preparedness plans would benefit from these results.

Suggested Citation

  • Mireia Utzet & Fernando G. Benavides & Rocío Villar & Andrea Burón & Maria Sala & Luis-Eugenio López & Pau Gomar & Xavier Castells & Pilar Diaz & José María Ramada & Consol Serra, 2022. "Non-Pharmacological Preventive Measures Had an Impact on COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination Effect: A Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-9, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3628-:d:774413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Izabela Korona-Głowniak & Michał Mielnik & Martyna Podgajna & Ewelina Grywalska & Marek Hus & Katarzyna Matuska & Beata Wojtysiak-Duma & Dariusz Duma & Andrzej Glowniak & Anna Malm, 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers before the Vaccination in Poland: Evolution from the First to the Second Pandemic Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Anke Hildebrandt & Oktay Hökelekli & Lutz Uflacker & Henrik Rudolf & Michael Paulussen & Sören G. Gatermann, 2022. "Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Employees of Three Hospitals of a Secondary Care Hospital Network in Germany and an Associated Fire Brigade: Results of a Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveillan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marika Vicziany & Leon Piterman & Naiyana Wattanapenpaiboon, 2024. "Is COVID-19 as Lethal as the Spanish Flu? The Australian Experience in 1919 and 2020 and the Role of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-23, February.

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