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Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Lei Gao

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Shiyan Wang

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Di Zhang

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Hongmei Zhu

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China
    Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100082, China)

  • Yuanyuan Jia

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Haibo Wang

    (Clinical Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Suhong Li

    (Henan Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Aristogenesis, Luohe 462000, China
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luohe Central Hospital of Henan Province, Luohe 462000, China)

  • Xiuhong Fu

    (Henan Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Aristogenesis, Luohe 462000, China
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Luohe Central Hospital of Henan Province, Luohe 462000, China)

  • Xiuli Sun

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Jianliu Wang

    (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100044, China
    The Key Laboratory of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract

Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness is associated with stress urinary incontinence. Pregnancy is an important risk factor for PFM weakness. Studies evaluating PFM strength in the first trimester of pregnancy are still lacking. Our study aimed to describe pelvic floor function of the primipara in the first trimester of gestation and investigate the risk factors for PFM weakness. Methods: Primiparas aged 20~40 years with a singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were recruited, and data were collected via questionnaires on items that were suggested as associated with PFM weakness, followed by Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) on genital hiatus and perineal body and pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation for the thickness of the left and right levator ani muscles (LAM), right–left diameter of the levator hiatus (LH), and LH area. Participants were divided into three groups by MOS >3, =3, and <3 for data analysis. Results: A total of 380 participants completed the questionnaires and examinational analysis, of whom, 228, 98, and 54 were divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The three groups were significantly different in the number of gestations and abortions, toilet types, and the right–left diameter of the LH ( p < 0.05). Logistic regressive analysis showed that squatting toilet dominant (OR = 3.025; 95% CI: 1.623~5.638; p < 0.001) and a larger right–left diameter of the LH (OR = 1.065; 95% CI: 1.026~1.105; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with PFM weakness. Conclusions: Squatting toilet dominancy and longer right–left diameter of the LH are significantly associated with PFM weakness in primiparas in the first trimester. Sitting toilets should be recommended to women, especially pregnant women. Trial registration: The trial has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2000029618).

Suggested Citation

  • Lei Gao & Shiyan Wang & Di Zhang & Hongmei Zhu & Yuanyuan Jia & Haibo Wang & Suhong Li & Xiuhong Fu & Xiuli Sun & Jianliu Wang, 2022. "Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3568-:d:773219
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lei Gao & Di Zhang & Shiyan Wang & Yuanyuan Jia & Haibo Wang & Xiuli Sun & Jianliu Wang, 2021. "Effect of the App-Based Video Guidance on Prenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Combined with Global Postural Re-education for Stress Urinary Incontinence Prevention: A Protocol for a Multicenter, Ran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Esther García-Sánchez & Vicente Ávila-Gandía & Javier López-Román & Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez & Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias, 2019. "What Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Load is Optimal in Minimizing Urine Loss in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-15, November.
    3. Süreyya Gümüşsoy & Ruşen Öztürk & Oya Kavlak & İsmet Hortu & Ahmet Özgür Yeniel, 2021. "Investigating Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women of Reproductive Age and Factors Affecting It," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 30(7), pages 1047-1058, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mukhtar Nur Farihan & Beng Kwang Ng & Su Ee Phon & Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin & Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah & Pei Shan Lim, 2022. "Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.

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