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Association between Residential Greenness and Incidence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea

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  • Jiyun Jung

    (Data Management and Statistics Institute, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Korea
    Research Center for Chronic Disease and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea)

  • Jae Yoon Park

    (Research Center for Chronic Disease and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
    Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Korea
    Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea)

  • Woojae Myung

    (Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
    Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Jun-Young Lee

    (Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Hyunwoong Ko

    (Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Hyewon Lee

    (Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
    Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan 31538, Korea)

Abstract

It is widely known that exposure to residential greenness is beneficial for health. However, few studies have analyzed the association between greenery and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We selected 313,355 participants who matched the inclusion criteria from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, followed up from 2007 to 2015. Residential greenness, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), was obtained from satellite measurements. We estimated hazard ratios of PD associated with a 0.1-unit increase in long-term greenness exposure at the district level for the previous 1 year of each year until a censoring/event occurred, using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for individual- and area-level characteristics. During the 2,745,389 person-years of follow-up, 2621(0.8%) participants developed PD. Exposure to higher levels of residential greenness was found to be associated with a decreased risk of PD incidence (21% per 0.1-unit increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.84). In subgroup analyses, stronger protective effects were observed in participants aged over 50 years, females, overweight/obese participants, non-urban residents, non-smokers, alcoholics, and those with comorbidities. Long-term exposure to greenness was beneficial to incident PD, and our findings could aid in the development of public-health strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiyun Jung & Jae Yoon Park & Woojae Myung & Jun-Young Lee & Hyunwoong Ko & Hyewon Lee, 2022. "Association between Residential Greenness and Incidence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3491-:d:771933
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hsiao-Yun Lee & Chih-Da Wu & Yi-Tsai Chang & Yinq-Rong Chern & Shih-Chun Candice Lung & Huey-Jen Su & Wen-Chi Pan, 2020. "Association between Surrounding Greenness and Mortality: An Ecological Study in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
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