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Headphone Audio in Training Systems or Systems That Convey Important Sound Information

Author

Listed:
  • Rafal Mlynski

    (Department of Vibroacoustic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

In the work environment, miniature electroacoustic transducers are often used in communication, for the transmission of warning signals or during training. They can be used in headphones or mounted in personal protective equipment. It is often important to reproduce sounds accurately. The purpose of this work was to assess audio strips by comparing the frequency response of the signal in the electrical outputs of six common-purpose devices. Based on the risk of hearing damage, the level of noise exposure was assessed. The following headphones were investigated: low-budget closed-back, open-back for instant messengers, open-back for music, and in-ear. A head and torso simulator with a transfer function was used. The most uniform shape of the frequency response of the signal at the electrical outputs was found to be in smartphones. Sound cards integrated into laptop motherboards had highly unequal characteristics (up to 23 dB). In the case of one of the laptops, the upper range of the transmitted frequencies was limited to the 12,500 Hz band. An external sound card or wireless headphones can improve the situation. In the worst-case scenario, i.e., rock music, the listening time was limited to 2 h and 18 min.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafal Mlynski, 2022. "Headphone Audio in Training Systems or Systems That Convey Important Sound Information," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2579-:d:756586
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rafal Mlynski & Emil Kozlowski & Jan Adamczyk, 2021. "Sounds That People with Visual Impairment Want to Experience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xi Zhang, 2022. "Incremental Innovation: Long-Term Impetus for Design Business Creativity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-24, November.

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