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Antimony Immobilization in Primary-Explosives-Contaminated Soils by Fe–Al-Based Amendments

Author

Listed:
  • Ningning Wang

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Yucong Jiang

    (Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources and Geology, Beijing 101500, China)

  • Tianxiang Xia

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Feng Xu

    (Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Chengjun Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Dan Zhang

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Zhiyuan Wu

    (Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China)

Abstract

Soils at primary explosives sites have been contaminated by high concentrations of antimony (Sb) and co-occurring heavy metals (Cu and Zn), and are largely overlooked and neglected. In this study, we investigated Sb concentrations and species and studied the effect of combined Fe- and Fe–Al-based sorbent application on the mobility of Sb and co-occurring metals. The content of Sb in soil samples varied from 26.7 to 4255.0 mg/kg. In batch experiments, FeSO 4 showed ideal Sb sorption (up to 97% sorption with 10% FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O), whereas the sorptions of 10% Fe 0 and 10% goethite were 72% and 41%, respectively. However, Fe-based sorbents enhanced the mobility of co-occurring Cu and Zn to varying levels, especially FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Al(OH) 3 was required to prevent Cu and Zn mobilization. In this study, 5% FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O and 4% Al(OH) 3 mixed with soil was the optimal combination to solve this problem, with Sb, Zn, and Cu stabilizations of 94.6%, 74.2%, and 82.2%, respectively. Column tests spiked with 5% FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and 4% Al(OH) 3 showed significant Sb (85.85%), Zn (83.9%), and Cu (94.8%) retention. The pH-regulated results indicated that acid conditioning improved Sb retention under alkaline conditions. However, no significant difference was found between the acidification sets and those without pH regulation. The experimental results showed that 5% FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O + 4% Al(OH) 3 without pH regulation was effective for the stabilization of Sb and co-occurring metals in primary explosive soils.

Suggested Citation

  • Ningning Wang & Yucong Jiang & Tianxiang Xia & Feng Xu & Chengjun Zhang & Dan Zhang & Zhiyuan Wu, 2022. "Antimony Immobilization in Primary-Explosives-Contaminated Soils by Fe–Al-Based Amendments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:1979-:d:746207
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    Cited by:

    1. Liping Li & Lanfang Han & Aiju Liu & Fayuan Wang, 2022. "Imperfect but Hopeful: New Advances in Soil Pollution and Remediation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-3, August.

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