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The Life Histories of Intermediate Hosts and Parasites of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in the White Nile River, Sudan

Author

Listed:
  • Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail

    (Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 1111, Sudan)

  • Abed el Aziz Abed el Rahim Mohamed Ahmed

    (Schistosomiasis Research Laboratory, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan)

  • Seungman Cha

    (Department of Global Development and Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Global Development and Entrepreneurship, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea
    Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    The two co-authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yan Jin

    (Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
    The two co-authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Background: The epidemiology of schistosomiasis transmission varies depending on the circumstances of the surrounding water bodies and human behaviors. We aimed to explore cercarial emergence patterns from snails that are naturally affected by human schistosomiasis and non-human trematodes. In addition, this study aimed to explore how schistosomiasis infection affects snail survival, reproduction, and growth. Methods: We measured the survival rate, fecundity, and size of Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails and the cercarial rhythmicity of S. haematobium and S. mansoni . The number of egg masses, eggs per egg mass, and snail deaths were counted for 7 weeks. The survival rate and cumulative hazard were assessed for infected and non-infected snails. Results: S. haematobium and S. mansoni cercariae peaked at 9:00–11:00 a.m. Infection significantly reduced the survival rate of B. pfeifferi , which was 35% and 51% for infected and non-infected snails, respectively ( p = 0.02), at 7 weeks after infection. The hazard ratio of death for infected snails compared to non-infected snails was 1.65 (95% confidence interval: 1.35–1.99; p = 0.01). Conclusions: An understanding of the dynamics of schistosomiasis transmission will be helpful for formulating schistosomiasis control and elimination strategies. Cercarial rhythmicity can be reflected in health education, and the reproduction and survival rate of infected snails can be used as parameters for developing disease modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail & Abed el Aziz Abed el Rahim Mohamed Ahmed & Seungman Cha & Yan Jin, 2022. "The Life Histories of Intermediate Hosts and Parasites of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in the White Nile River, Sudan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1508-:d:737045
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nathan C Lo & Jedidiah Snyder & David G Addiss & Sam Heft-Neal & Jason R Andrews & Eran Bendavid, 2018. "Deworming in pre-school age children: A global empirical analysis of health outcomes," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Edeltraud J Lenk & William K Redekop & Marianne Luyendijk & Adriana J Rijnsburger & Johan L Severens, 2016. "Productivity Loss Related to Neglected Tropical Diseases Eligible for Preventive Chemotherapy: A Systematic Literature Review," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    3. Charles H King & Laura J Sutherland & David Bertsch, 2015. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Chemical-Based Mollusciciding for Control of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium Transmission," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-23, December.
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