IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i2p704-d720570.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Two-Step k -means Clustering Based Information Entropy for Detecting Environmental Barriers Using Wearable Sensor

Author

Listed:
  • Bogyeong Lee

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea)

  • Hyunsoo Kim

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea)

Abstract

Walking is the most basic means of transportation. Therefore, continuous management of the walking environment is very important. In particular, the identification of environmental barriers that can impede walkability is the first step in improving the pedestrian experience. Current practices for identifying environmental barriers (e.g., expert investigation and survey) are time-consuming and require additional human resources. Hence, we have developed a method to identify environmental barriers based on information entropy considering that every individual behaves differently in the presence of external stimuli. The behavioral data of the gait process were recorded for 64 participants using a wearable sensor. Additionally, the data were classified into seven gait types using two-step k -means clustering. It was observed that the classified gaits create a probability distribution for each location to calculate information entropy. The values of calculated information entropy showed a high correlation in the presence or absence of environmental barriers. The results obtained facilitated the continuous monitoring of environmental barriers generated in a walking environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Bogyeong Lee & Hyunsoo Kim, 2022. "Two-Step k -means Clustering Based Information Entropy for Detecting Environmental Barriers Using Wearable Sensor," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:704-:d:720570
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/704/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/704/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bradley Bereitschaft, 2018. "Walk Score® versus residents’ perceptions of walkability in Omaha, NE," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 412-435, October.
    2. Lise Gauvin & Lucie Richard & Yan Kestens & Bryna Shatenstein & Mark Daniel & Spencer D. Moore & Geneviève Mercille & Hélène Payette, 2012. "Living in a Well-Serviced Urban Area Is Associated With Maintenance of Frequent Walking Among Seniors in the VoisiNuAge Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 67(1), pages 76-88.
    3. Jihwan Yoon & Jaeyoul Chun & Hyunsoo Kim, 2020. "Investigating the Relation between Walkability and the Changes in Pedestrian Policy through Wearable Sensing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Bernd Resch & Inga Puetz & Matthias Bluemke & Kalliopi Kyriakou & Jakob Miksch, 2020. "An Interdisciplinary Mixed-Methods Approach to Analyzing Urban Spaces: The Case of Urban Walkability and Bikeability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Bogyeong Lee & Sungjoo Hwang & Hyunsoo Kim, 2021. "The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haeryung Lee & Seung-Nam Kim, 2021. "Perceived Safety and Pedestrian Performance in Pedestrian Priority Streets (PPSs) in Seoul, Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment and Trace Mapping," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Yung Liao & Chien-Yu Lin & Ting-Fu Lai & Yen-Ju Chen & Bohyeon Kim & Jong-Hwan Park, 2019. "Walk Score ® and Its Associations with Older Adults’ Health Behaviors and Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Bogyeong Lee & Sungjoo Hwang & Hyunsoo Kim, 2021. "The Feasibility of Information-Entropy-Based Behavioral Analysis for Detecting Environmental Barriers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Minou Weijs-Perrée & Gamze Dane & Pauline van den Berg, 2021. "Editorial for the Special Issue on “Experiencing the City: The Relation between Urban Design and People’s Well-Being”," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-6, March.
    5. Kaniz Fatima & Sara Moridpour & Tayebeh Saghapour, 2022. "Measuring Neighbourhood Walking Access for Older Adults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Tijana Đorđević & Nemanja Tomić & Dajana Tešić, 2023. "Walkability and Bikeability for Sustainable Spatial Planning in the City of Novi Sad (Serbia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    7. Justin Guan & Jana A. Hirsch & Loni Philip Tabb & Teresa A. Hillier & Yvonne L. Michael, 2022. "The Association between Changes in Built Environment and Changes in Walking among Older Women in Portland, Oregon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Amit Birenboim & Pazit Ben-Nun Bloom & Hila Levit & Itzhak Omer, 2021. "The Study of Walking, Walkability and Wellbeing in Immersive Virtual Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Brian K. Lo & Meredith L. Graham & Sara C. Folta & Lynn C. Paul & David Strogatz & Miriam E. Nelson & Stephen A. Parry & Michelle E. Carfagno & David Wing & Michael Higgins & Rebecca A. Seguin, 2019. "Examining the Associations between Walk Score, Perceived Built Environment, and Physical Activity Behaviors among Women Participating in a Community-Randomized Lifestyle Change Intervention Trial: Str," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, March.
    10. Erja Portegijs & Kirsi E. Keskinen & Li-Tang Tsai & Taina Rantanen & Merja Rantakokko, 2017. "Physical Limitations, Walkability, Perceived Environmental Facilitators and Physical Activity of Older Adults in Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, March.
    11. Kimihiro Hino & Hiroyuki Usui & Masamichi Hanazato, 2020. "Three-Year Longitudinal Association Between Built Environmental Factors and Decline in Older Adults’ Step Count: Gaining insights for Age-Friendly Urban Planning and Design," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-11, June.
    12. Hiroyuki Kikuchi & Tomoki Nakaya & Tomoya Hanibuchi & Noritoshi Fukushima & Shiho Amagasa & Koichiro Oka & James F. Sallis & Shigeru Inoue, 2018. "Objectively Measured Neighborhood Walkability and Change in Physical Activity in Older Japanese Adults: A Five-Year Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-14, August.
    13. Eun Jung Kim & Suin Jin, 2023. "Walk Score and Neighborhood Walkability: A Case Study of Daegu, South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-12, February.
    14. Christian Werner & Elisabeth Füssl & Jannik Rieß & Bernd Resch & Florian Kratochwil & Martin Loidl, 2022. "A Framework to Facilitate Advanced Mixed Methods Studies for Investigating Interventions in Road Space for Cycling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:704-:d:720570. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.