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Maternal and Dietary Factors Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Women with a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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  • Farah Yasmin Hasbullah

    (Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof

    (Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
    Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
    Institute for Social Science Studies, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Rohana Abdul Ghani

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Zulfitri ‘Azuan Mat Daud

    (Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Geeta Appannah

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Faridah Abas

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Sangeetha Shyam

    (Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
    Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Centre for Translational Research, IMU Institute for Research and Development (IRDI), International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia)

Abstract

While it is known that women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM) have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), evidence of lifestyle practices from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still scarce. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM. This cross-sectional study involved 157 women post-GDM (mean age 34.8 ± 5.6 years) sampled from Selangor, Malaysia. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric history. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 Harmonized criteria. The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.3%. Western dietary pattern consumption was correlated with MetS, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels. Independent factors associated with MetS were lower education level (odds ratio, OR 4.017, p = 0.007), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.192, p = 0.002), and Caesarean delivery (OR 3.798, p = 0.009). The study identified the maternal and dietary factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM in Malaysia. Community-based interventions that include dietary modification are warranted to prevent MetS and its complications, thus helping to reduce the overall disease burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Farah Yasmin Hasbullah & Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof & Rohana Abdul Ghani & Zulfitri ‘Azuan Mat Daud & Geeta Appannah & Faridah Abas & Sangeetha Shyam, 2022. "Maternal and Dietary Factors Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Women with a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16797-:d:1003272
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Heng Yaw Yong & Zalilah Mohd Shariff & Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof & Zulida Rejali & Geeta Appannah & Jacques Bindels & Yvonne Yee Siang Tee & Eline M van der Beek, 2020. "The association between dietary patterns before and in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): Data from the Malaysian SECOST cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
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