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Culture in Physical Activity: The Contribution of Basic Psychological Needs and Goal Orientation

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  • Duygu Gurleyik

    (Department of Psychology, Özyeğin University, Çekmeköy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey)

  • Celia K. Naivar Sen

    (Department of Psychology, Özyeğin University, Çekmeköy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey)

  • Jennifer L. Etnier

    (Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA)

  • Ibrahim H. Acar

    (Department of Psychology, Özyeğin University, Çekmeköy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey)

Abstract

Numerous variables affect motivation in physical activity (PA) with culture being an understudied variable. Self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs (BPN) includes a combination of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in PA; however, cultural definitions pit autonomy and relatedness against each other. Thus, this study aims to investigate the moderating role of culture on relationships between BPN, goal orientations (ego, task) for PA, and PA behavior. A survey was implemented to 168 participants (109 females, 59 males; 92 Turks, 76 Americans) investigating students’ self-construal type, their basic psychological needs in exercise (BPNES), PA levels (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire/GLTEQ), and goal orientation types (Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire/TEOSQ). Turks ( n = 92) and Americans ( n = 76) demonstrated distinct cultural differences in terms of the study variables. American students were more autonomous, task-oriented, and physically active than Turkish students. Results from the multi-group path analysis showed that there was a moderating role of culture between predictors (i.e., BPN Autonomy, BPN Relatedness, BPN Competence, Ego Orientation, and Task Orientation) and Physical Activity. Such that, the paths from predictors (i.e., BPNT Autonomy, BPNT Relatedness, BPNT Competence, Ego Orientation, and Task Orientation) to PA was not significant in Turkish cultural context. Results suggest that culturally tailored approaches to PA interventions are critical in supporting motivation for physical activity and further research is needed to explore different culturally relevant motivational drivers for PA among adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Duygu Gurleyik & Celia K. Naivar Sen & Jennifer L. Etnier & Ibrahim H. Acar, 2022. "Culture in Physical Activity: The Contribution of Basic Psychological Needs and Goal Orientation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16691-:d:1001039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meryem Hayir-Kanat & Jürgen Breuste, 2020. "Outdoor Recreation Participation in Istanbul, Turkey: An Investigation of Frequency, Length, Travel Time and Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-23, January.
    2. Mehmet Turan & Ali Kara, 2007. "An exploratory study of characteristics and attributes of Turkish entrepreneurs: A cross-country comparison to Irish entrepreneurs," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 25-46, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chanté Johannes & Nicolette V. Roman & Sunday O. Onagbiye & Simone Titus & Lloyd L. Leach, 2024. "Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity among Undergraduate Students from a South African University," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-20, April.

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