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Spatial Relationships and Impact Effects between Urbanization and Ecosystem Health in Urban Agglomerations along the Belt and Road: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Author

Listed:
  • Yan Wu

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Yingmei Wu

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Chen Li

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Binpin Gao

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Kejun Zheng

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
    Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, Kunming 650000, China)

  • Mengjiao Wang

    (Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China)

  • Yuhong Deng

    (College Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

  • Xin Fan

    (Center for Turkmenistan Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

A healthy ecosystem is fundamental for sustainable urban development. Rapid urbanization has altered landscape patterns and ecological functions, resulting in disturbances to ecosystem health. Exploring the effects of urbanization on ecosystem health and the spatial relationships between them is significant for cities along the “Belt and Road” aiming to achieve sustainable regional development. This study took the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as an example and measured the urbanization level (UL) and ecosystem health index (EHI) from 2000 to 2020 using multisource data. We used bivariate spatial autocorrelation, the geographically weighted regression model (GWR), and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model to clarify the impact of urbanization on ecosystem health and the spatial relationship between them from multiple perspectives. The major findings of this study were: (1) the EHI in the GBA decreased significantly during the study period, dropping from 0.282 to 0.255, whereas the UL increased significantly, exhibiting opposite spatial distribution features; (2) there was a significant negative spatial correlation between UL and the EHI and significant spatial heterogeneity between high–low and low–high types in the GBA; (3) the negative effects of urbanization on ecosystem health were predominant and becoming more pronounced in the central GBA. Moreover, urbanization had an increasingly significant negative effect, leading to the deterioration of ecosystem health, in the central GBA. Population urbanization drove land urbanization, which became the main factor affecting ecosystem health in the GBA. Overall, urbanization had a significant negative effect on ecosystem health, with this impact being particularly prominent in the core urban junctions of the GBA, which require urgent attention. The results of the study provide a basis for decision making in the context of the steady urbanization and ecosystem health protection of cities along the “Belt and Road”.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Wu & Yingmei Wu & Chen Li & Binpin Gao & Kejun Zheng & Mengjiao Wang & Yuhong Deng & Xin Fan, 2022. "Spatial Relationships and Impact Effects between Urbanization and Ecosystem Health in Urban Agglomerations along the Belt and Road: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:16053-:d:989674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhijun Luo & Xiaofang Yang, 2024. "Interrelationships between Urbanization and Ecosystem Services in the Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake and Its Zoning Management at an Integrated Multi-Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, June.
    2. Yingao Huang & Chenjun Kuai & Feier Wang, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Factors of Green and Low-Carbon Urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-18, May.

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