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Clinical Characterization of the Three Waves of COVID-19 Occurring in Southern Italy: Results of a Multicenter Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Mariantonietta Pisaturo

    (Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Antonio Russo

    (Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Viraj Pattapola

    (Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Roberta Astorri

    (Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy)

  • Paolo Maggi

    (Infectious Diseases Unit, A.O. S Anna e S Sebastiano Caserta, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Fabio Giuliano Numis

    (Emergency Unit, PO Santa Maria delle Grazie, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy)

  • Ivan Gentile

    (Infectious Disease Unit, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Sangiovanni

    (Third Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN dei Colli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Annamaria Rossomando

    (IV Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Valeria Gentile

    (Hepatic Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Colli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Giosuele Calabria

    (IX Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Raffaella Pisapia

    (First Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Alessio Vinicio Codella

    (Infectious Diseease Unit, A.O. San Pio, PO Rummo, 82010 Benevento, Italy)

  • Alfonso Masullo

    (Infectious Disease Unit, A.O. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, 84135 Salerno, Italy)

  • Valentina Iodice

    (VIII Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Giancarlo Giolitto

    (Infectious Disease Unit, Ospedale Maria S.S. Addolorata di Eboli, ASL Salerno, 84025 Eboli, Italy)

  • Roberto Parrella

    (Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, AORN dei Colli, PO Cotugno, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Giuseppina Dell’Aquila

    (Infectious Diseases Unit, AO Avellino, 83100 Avellino, Italy)

  • Michele Gambardella

    (Infectious Diseease Unit, PO S. Luca, Vallo della Lucania, ASL Salerno, 84078 Vallo della Lucania, Italy)

  • Felicia Di Perna

    (Pneumology Unit, AORN Caserta, 81100 Caserta, Italy)

  • Nicola Coppola

    (Infectious Diseases, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
    Collaborators of the CoviCam Group are indicated in the Acknowledgment section.)

Abstract

Aims: To characterize patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the three waves in Southern Italy. Methods: We conducted a multicenter observational cohort study involving seventeen COVID-19 Units in Campania, southern Italy: All adult (≥18 years) patients, hospitalized with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 February 2020 to 31 May 2021, were enrolled. Results: Two thousand and fifteen COVID-19 hospitalized patients were enrolled; 392 (19%) in the first wave, 917 (45%) in the second and 706 (35%) in the third wave. Patients showed a less severe clinical outcome in the first wave than in the second and third waves (73%, 65% and 72%, respectively; p = 0.003), but hospitalization expressed in days was longer in the first wave [Median (Q1–Q3): 17 (13–25) v.s. 14 (9–21) and 14 (9–19), respectively, p = 0.001)] and also mortality during hospitalization was higher in the first wave than in the second and third waves: 16.6% v.s. 11.3% and 6.5%, respectively ( p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that older age [OR: 1.069, CI (1046–1092); p = 0.001], a worse Charlson comorbidity index [OR: 1042, CI (1233–1594; p = 0.0001] and enrolment during the first-wave [OR: 1.917, CI (1.054–3.485; p = 0.033] were predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients. Conclusions: Improved organization of the healthcare facilities and the increase in knowledge of clinical and therapeutic management have contributed to a trend in the reduction in mortality during the three waves of COVID-19.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariantonietta Pisaturo & Antonio Russo & Viraj Pattapola & Roberta Astorri & Paolo Maggi & Fabio Giuliano Numis & Ivan Gentile & Vincenzo Sangiovanni & Annamaria Rossomando & Valeria Gentile & Giosue, 2022. "Clinical Characterization of the Three Waves of COVID-19 Occurring in Southern Italy: Results of a Multicenter Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:16003-:d:989089
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    Cited by:

    1. Alois Pichler & Dana Uhlig, 2023. "Mortality in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(20), pages 1-11, October.

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