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Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Incidence of Dementia in the Elderly of England: The ELSA Cohort

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  • Dylan Wood

    (Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK)

  • Dimitris Evangelopoulos

    (Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK)

  • Sean Beevers

    (Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK)

  • Nutthida Kitwiroon

    (Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK)

  • Klea Katsouyanni

    (Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
    Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests an adverse association between ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia in adult populations, although results at present are mixed and further work is required. The present study investigated the relationships between NO 2 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 and ozone on dementia incidence in a cohort of English residents, aged 50 years and older, followed up between 2004 and 2017 (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; n = 8525). Cox proportional hazards models were applied to investigate the association between time to incident dementia and exposure to pollutants at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated per 10 μg/m 3 . Models were adjusted for age, gender, physical activity, smoking status and level of education (the latter as a sensitivity analysis). A total of 389 dementia cases were identified during follow-up. An increased risk of developing dementia was suggested with increasing exposure to PM 2.5 (HR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 1.37), whilst NO 2 , PM 10 and ozone exhibited no discernible relationships. Hazard ratios were 0.97 (CI: 0.89, 1.05) for NO 2 ; 0.98 (CI: 0.89, 1.08) for PM 10 ; 1.01 (CI: 0.94, 1.09) for ozone. In the London sub-sample (39 dementia cases), a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 was found to be associated with increased risk of dementia by 16%, although not statistically significant (HR: 1.16; CI: 0.90, 1.48), and the magnitude of effect for PM 2.5 increased, whilst NO 2 and ozone exhibited similar associations as observed in the England-wide study. Further work is required to fully elucidate the potentially adverse associations between air pollution exposure and dementia incidence.

Suggested Citation

  • Dylan Wood & Dimitris Evangelopoulos & Sean Beevers & Nutthida Kitwiroon & Klea Katsouyanni, 2022. "Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Incidence of Dementia in the Elderly of England: The ELSA Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15889-:d:987504
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jennifer A. Ailshire & Philippa Clarke, 2015. "Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(2), pages 322-328.
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    Cited by:

    1. Duffy, Kelly & De Bruin, Kelly & Henry, Loïc & Kweku-Kyei, Clement & Nolan, Anne & Walsh, Brendan, 2024. "Health impacts of climate change and mitigation policies in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number RS188.

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