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Health Risk Assessment Based on Exposure to Chemicals in Air

Author

Listed:
  • Hironari Sakamoto

    (Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
    Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan)

  • Shigehisa Uchiyama

    (Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Ayana Sato

    (Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Tomohiko Isobe

    (Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan)

  • Naoki Kunugita

    (School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan)

  • Hironao Ogura

    (Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan)

  • Shoji F. Nakayama

    (Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan)

Abstract

Few studies have investigated personal exposure concentrations of not only some volatile organic compounds but also more types of chemicals including acidic gases and acrolein. We measured the personal exposure concentrations of 35 chemicals including these chemicals in indoor and outdoor air in Chiba-shi, Japan, for 7 days in summer and winter to assess the associated health risks in 22 people. The personal exposure concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were higher in winter than in summer, and those of formaldehyde, p -dichlorobenzene, and tetradecane were higher in summer than in winter. The personal exposure concentrations were mostly equal to or lower than the concentrations in indoor air, contrary to the results of a lot of previous studies. The high-risk chemicals based on personal exposure concentrations were identified as acrolein (max. 0.43 μg/m 3 ), benzene (max. 3.1 μg/m 3 ), and hexane (max. 220 μg/m 3 ) in summer, and acrolein (max. 0.31 μg/m 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (max. 320 μg/m 3 ), benzene (max. 5.2 μg/m 3 ), formic acid (max. 70 μg/m 3 ), and hexane (max. 290 μg/m 3 ) in winter. In addition, we estimated personal exposure concentrations according to the time spent at home and the chemical concentrations in indoor and outdoor air. We found that the estimated concentrations of some participants largely differed from the measured ones indicating that it is difficult to estimate personal exposure concentrations based on only these data.

Suggested Citation

  • Hironari Sakamoto & Shigehisa Uchiyama & Ayana Sato & Tomohiko Isobe & Naoki Kunugita & Hironao Ogura & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2022. "Health Risk Assessment Based on Exposure to Chemicals in Air," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15813-:d:986115
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kenichi Azuma & Iwao Uchiyama & Koichi Ikeda, 2008. "The regulations for indoor air pollution in Japan: a public health perspective," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(3), pages 301-314, April.
    2. Hironari Sakamoto & Shigehisa Uchiyama & Tomohiko Isobe & Naoki Kunugita & Hironao Ogura & Shoji F. Nakayama, 2021. "Spatial Variations of Indoor Air Chemicals in an Apartment Unit and Personal Exposure of Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.
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