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Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus

Author

Listed:
  • Amy Evans

    (School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Bara’ Abdallah AlShurman

    (School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Hibah Sehar

    (School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Zahid Ahmad Butt

    (School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease belonging to the orthopoxvirus family that has predominantly occurred in West and Central Africa since it was initially discovered in 1958. In May 2022, a global outbreak of monkeypox began to occur on an international scale, with case numbers still rising as this review is being written. This mini review sought to analyze the existing literature on monkeypox published from 2017 onward to provide epidemiological context to current outbreaks. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to gather both peer-reviewed and grey literature on the routes of transmission, case definitions, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, prevention, vaccination, and epidemiology of monkeypox. Epidemiological studies indicate that the age of onset of monkeypox has increased over time. Antivirals, such as Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir, are recommended to manage confirmed cases of monkeypox. Although mass vaccination is not currently recommended, the smallpox vaccine can be used as a preventative measure for at-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men and frontline healthcare workers. Further peer-reviewed research addressing animal reservoirs and sexual transmission dynamics is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Amy Evans & Bara’ Abdallah AlShurman & Hibah Sehar & Zahid Ahmad Butt, 2022. "Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-7, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:15684-:d:983994
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