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The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review

Author

Listed:
  • Marta Gimunová

    (Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Alexandra Paulínyová

    (Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Martina Bernaciková

    (Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Ana Carolina Paludo

    (Incubator of Kinanthropological Research, Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to rapidly review the literature on the prevalence of menstrual disorders in female athletes from different sports modalities. Articles were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed database in May 2022. A total of 1309 records were identified, and 48 studies were included in the final stage. The menstrual disorders described in the included studies were primary (in 33% of included studies) and secondary amenorrhea (in 73% of included studies) and oligomenorrhea (in 69% of included studies). The prevalence of menstrual disorders among the studies ranged from 0 to 61%. When data were pooled according to discipline (mean calculation), the highest prevalence of primary amenorrhea was found in rhythmic gymnastics (25%), soccer (20%) and swimming (19%); for secondary amenorrhea in cycling (56%), triathlon (40%) and rhythmic gymnastics (31%); and oligomenorrhea in boxing (55%), rhythmic gymnastics (44%) and artistic gymnastics (32%). Based on the results of this review, the study supports the literature of the higher prevalence of menstrual disorders in gymnastics and endurance disciplines. However, team sports modalities such as volleyball and soccer also presented a considerable percentage of menstrual disorders compared to the general population. It reinforces the importance of coaches and physicians paying attention to athletes’ menstrual cycle as the occurrence of menstrual disorders can be associated with impairment on some health components.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Gimunová & Alexandra Paulínyová & Martina Bernaciková & Ana Carolina Paludo, 2022. "The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14243-:d:958963
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mariola Czajkowska & Ryszard Plinta & Magdalena Rutkowska & Anna Brzęk & Violetta Skrzypulec-Plinta & Agnieszka Drosdzol-Cop, 2019. "Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Professional Female Rhythmic Gymnasts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-9, April.
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