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Consumption of Plant Foods and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in South Africans at High-Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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  • Tatum Lopes

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Annalise E. Zemlin

    (Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Jillian Hill

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Zandile J. Mchiza

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Nasheeta Peer

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa)

  • Rajiv T. Erasmus

    (Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa)

  • Andre P. Kengne

    (Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa)

Abstract

We assessed the distribution and association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors by plant foods consumption in individuals at high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data of 693 participants in the South African Diabetes Prevention Programme. Participants underwent a physical examination, biochemical analysis, and dietary assessment using a single non-quantified 24-h recall. Group comparisons were conducted to explore the distribution and associations of common CVD risk factors by plant foods consumption. The mean age of the participants was 51 years, with 81% being females. Consumers of yellow-coloured vitamin A-rich vegetables and tubers and maize had significantly lower systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen levels. Cereals consumption increased the likelihood of obesity (OR = 1.72 95% CI [1.09, 2.70] p = 0.019) while the consumption of white roots and tubers decreased the likelihood of obesity (AOR = 0.64 95% CI [0.41, 1.00] p = 0.048). This study reported the consumption of some healthy plant foods with lower levels of, and decreased risk for, some CVD risk factors. A further in-depth investigation is needed to understand these associations.

Suggested Citation

  • Tatum Lopes & Annalise E. Zemlin & Jillian Hill & Zandile J. Mchiza & Nasheeta Peer & Rajiv T. Erasmus & Andre P. Kengne, 2022. "Consumption of Plant Foods and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in South Africans at High-Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13264-:d:942424
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jillian Hill & Nasheeta Peer & Deborah Jonathan & Mary Mayige & Eugene Sobngwi & Andre Pascal Kengne, 2020. "Findings from Community-Based Screenings for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in at Risk Communities in Cape Town, South Africa: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
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