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Global Self-Esteem, Physical Activity, and Body Composition Changes Following a 12-Week Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention in Older Women

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  • Mateusz Grajek

    (Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Gdańska

    (Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland)

  • Karolina Krupa-Kotara

    (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland)

  • Joanna Głogowska-Ligus

    (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland)

  • Joanna Kobza

    (Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland)

Abstract

Older adults show lower physical activity. These changes altogether promote the development of overweight, obesity, and other chronic diseases. These factors substantially influence the quality of life and self-esteem of older adults. This phenomenon is especially visible after the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 12-week reductive diet and a 12-week physical activity plan for older adults on the global self-esteem of lifestyle in 60–70-year-old women. Materials and methods: Our participants were 600 women with increased body mass (BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ) aged 60–70 years. After the initial evaluation, the participants were randomly divided into three groups: CG—control group ( n = 200); DI—dietary group ( n = 200) that committed to a 12-week reductive diet; PA—physical activity group ( n = 200) that committed to a 12-week physical activity plan. The global self-esteem score (using the SES Rosenberg scale) and the anthropometric measurements were collected before and after the 12-week study. In the statistical analysis of data, the significance level was assumed to be 0.05. Results: The global self-esteem score for all groups before the study started was 30–31 points, which corresponded to average self-esteem. After a 12-week dietary or physical activity intervention, the score in the DI group was 33, which corresponded with high self-esteem. In the CG group, the self-esteem score remained unchanged (30 points). The average body mass loss was 0.5 kg/m 2 for CG, 1.92 kg/m 2 for DI, and 1.10 kg/m 2 for the PA group. The average waist–hip ratio (WHR) change for CG, DI, and PA was 1 cm, 1 cm, and 2 cm, respectively. A decrease in body mass and body composition indicators (BMI and WHR) corresponded to participants’ global self-esteem increase ( p < 0.05); the greater the decrease noted for BMI and WHR, the greater the global self-esteem score that was achieved. In the CG group, a negative correlation between global self-esteem and BMI value ( p < 0.05) was observed. Conclusions: A 12-week reductive diet and a 12-week regular physical activity plan lowered participants’ body mass. Adipose tissue content was reflected by decreased BMI and WHR indicators of participants from the DI and PA groups and was accompanied by higher global self-esteem scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Mateusz Grajek & Agnieszka Gdańska & Karolina Krupa-Kotara & Joanna Głogowska-Ligus & Joanna Kobza, 2022. "Global Self-Esteem, Physical Activity, and Body Composition Changes Following a 12-Week Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention in Older Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-9, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13220-:d:941895
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward McAuley & Steriani Elavsky & Robert W. Motl & James F. Konopack & Liang Hu & David X. Marquez, 2005. "Physical Activity, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem: Longitudinal Relationships in Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 60(5), pages 268-275.
    2. Dorota Ryszewska-Łabędzka & Sławomir Tobis & Sylwia Kropińska & Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis & Dorota Talarska, 2022. "The Association of Self-Esteem with the Level of Independent Functioning and the Primary Demographic Factors in Persons over 60 Years of Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Lucía Morales-Sánchez & Violeta Luque-Ribelles & Paloma Gil-Olarte & Paula Ruiz-González & Rocío Guil, 2021. "Enhancing Self-Esteem and Body Image of Breast Cancer Women through Interventions: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-20, February.
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    1. Karolina Krupa-Kotara & Mateusz Grajek & Mateusz Rozmiarek & Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko & Wiktoria Staśkiewicz & Patxi León-Guereño & Aitor Martínez Aguirre-Betolaza & Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, 2023. "The Role of Social Media in Internalizing Body Knowledge—A Cross-Sectional Study among Women with Different Food Preferences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.

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