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Antimicrobial Resistance of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter Species Originating from Vinegars

Author

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  • Eva Cepec

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

  • Janja Trček

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
    Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

Abstract

Consumers’ preference towards healthy and novel foods dictates the production of organic unfiltered bottled vinegar that still contains acetic acid bacteria. After ingesting vinegar, the bacteria come into close contact with the human microbiota, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer, including genetic determinants for antibiotic resistance. Due to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed the AMR of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter species originating mainly from vinegars. Six antibiotics from different structural groups and mechanisms of action were selected for testing. The AMR was assessed with the disk diffusion method using various growth media. Although the number of resistant strains differed among the growth media, 97.4%, 74.4%, 56.4%, and 33.3% of strains were resistant to trimethoprim, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, respectively, on all three media. Moreover, 17.9% and 53.8% of all strains were resistant to four and three antibiotics of different antimicrobial classes, respectively. We then looked for antimicrobial resistance genes in the genome sequences of the reference strains. The most common genetic determinant potentially involved in AMR encodes an efflux pump. Since these genes pass through the gastrointestinal tract and may be transferred to human microbiota, further experiments are needed to analyze the probability of this scenario in more detail.

Suggested Citation

  • Eva Cepec & Janja Trček, 2022. "Antimicrobial Resistance of Acetobacter and Komagataeibacter Species Originating from Vinegars," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-10, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:1:p:463-:d:716212
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haitham AlRabiah & J William Allwood & Elon Correa & Yun Xu & Royston Goodacre, 2018. "pH plays a role in the mode of action of trimethoprim on Escherichia coli," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-20, July.
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