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Association of Longitudinal Nutrient Patterns with Body Composition in Black Middle-Aged South African Women: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

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  • Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa)

  • Philippe J. Gradidge

    (Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa)

  • Nigel J. Crowther

    (Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa)

  • Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa)

  • Julia H. Goedecke

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
    Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
    University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK)

  • Lisa K. Micklesfield

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa)

  • Shane A. Norris

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
    School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK)

  • Tinashe Chikowore

    (SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the association of longitudinal nutrient patterns with body composition in a cohort of 132 black South African middle-aged women over five years. Nutrient patterns were identified using principal component analysis at baseline and follow-up 5 years later. Associations between nutrient patterns and repeated body composition measures were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, before and after adjusting for baseline education and repeated measures of age, socio-economic status, physical activity and employment. The animal-driven nutrient pattern was associated with increases in repeated measures of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (β coefficient, 5.79 [95% CI, 0.01–11.57] cm 2 ), fat mass index (FMI) (0.47 [0.01–0.93] kg·m −2 ) and lean mass index (LMI) (0.50 [0.18–1.17] kg·m −2 ) ( p < 0.05) after adjustment. Vitamin C, sugar, and potassium-driven nutrient pattern was associated with higher FMI (0.50 [0.12–0.88] kg·m −2 ) and LMI (0.58 [0.07–1.10] kg·m −2 ) before and after adjustment ( p < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary interventions to curb obesity in black middle-aged South African women should focus on attenuation of nutrient patterns centred on added sugar, animal fat and animal protein.

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende & Philippe J. Gradidge & Nigel J. Crowther & Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo & Julia H. Goedecke & Lisa K. Micklesfield & Shane A. Norris & Tinashe Chikowore, 2022. "Association of Longitudinal Nutrient Patterns with Body Composition in Black Middle-Aged South African Women: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12792-:d:934709
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jyoti Rajan Sharma & Sihle E. Mabhida & Bronwyn Myers & Teke Apalata & Edward Nicol & Mongi Benjeddou & Christo Muller & Rabia Johnson, 2021. "Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Black Population of Mthatha Town, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-17, January.
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