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Assessment of Pharmaceutical Services for Smoking Cessation: An Effectiveness–Implementation Hybrid Study

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Laborne-e-Valle

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Ana Emília de Oliveira Ahouagi

    (Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Debora Gontijo Braga

    (Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Isabela Vaz Leite Pinto

    (Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Célio Rezende Lara-Júnior

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Belo Horizonte Municipality, Belo Horizonte 30130-003, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Sabrina Gonçalves Ferreira

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Paula de Fátima Fernandes Blunk

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Adriano Max Moreira Reis

    (Pharmaceutical Products Department, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Edna Afonso Reis

    (Statistics Department, Exact Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Djenane Ramalho-de-Oliveira

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

  • Mariana Martins Gonzaga do Nascimento

    (Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Pharmaceutical Products Department, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Abstract

Smoking is the main preventable cause of illness and early death worldwide. Thus, it is better to promote smoking cessation than to treat tobacco-related diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation and effectiveness of smoking cessation pharmaceutical services offered in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian city through a type 1 effectiveness–implementation hybrid study. The services were offered through individual or group approaches (Jan/2018–Dec/2019). The service indicators were described and the incidence of cessation in the services was evaluated. Factors associated with cessation were assessed by Poisson regression analysis. The services were offered in most PHC centers (61.2%) and by most pharmacists (81.3%). In total, 170 individual (9.7%) and 1591 group (90.3%) approaches occurred, leading to cessation in 39.4% ( n = 67) and 44.8% ( n = 712) of these, respectively. The use of nicotine plus antidepressants (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.08–1.57; p = 0.006) and the number of sessions with pharmacists (RR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.19–1.23; p < 0.001) were positively associated with cessation; a very high level of dependence was negatively associated (RR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.67–0.89; p = 0.001). The smoking cessation services were effective and should be encouraged.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Laborne-e-Valle & Ana Emília de Oliveira Ahouagi & Debora Gontijo Braga & Isabela Vaz Leite Pinto & Célio Rezende Lara-Júnior & Sabrina Gonçalves Ferreira & Paula de Fátima Fern, 2022. "Assessment of Pharmaceutical Services for Smoking Cessation: An Effectiveness–Implementation Hybrid Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12305-:d:927449
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