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Escaping from Air Pollution: Exploring the Psychological Mechanism behind the Emergence of Internal Migration Intention among Urban Residents

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  • Quan-Hoang Vuong

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Tam-Tri Le

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Quy Van Khuc

    (Faculty of Development Economics, VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Quang-Loc Nguyen

    (SP Jain School of Global Management, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia)

  • Minh-Hoang Nguyen

    (Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization with poor city planning has resulted in severe air pollution in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. Given the adverse impacts of air pollution, citizens may develop ideation of averting behaviors, including migration to another region. The current study explores the psychological mechanism and demographic predictors of internal migration intention among urban people in Hanoi, Vietnam—one of the most polluted capital cities in the world. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was used to construct a model and perform Bayesian analysis on a stratified random sampling dataset of 475 urban people. We found that migration intention was negatively associated with an individual’s satisfaction with air quality. The association was moderated by the perceived availability of a nearby alternative (i.e., a nearby province/city with better air quality). The high migration cost due to geographical distance made the moderation effect of the perceived availability of a faraway alternative negligible. These results validate the proposed psychological mechanism behind the emergence of migration intention. Moreover, it was found that male and young people were more likely to migrate. While the brain drain effect did not clearly show, it is likely due to complex underlying interactions of various related factors (e.g., age and gender). The results hint that without air pollution mitigation measures, the dislocation of economic forces might occur and hinder sustainable urban development. Therefore, collaborative actions among levels of government, with the environmental semi-conducting principle at heart, are recommended to reduce air pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Quan-Hoang Vuong & Tam-Tri Le & Quy Van Khuc & Quang-Loc Nguyen & Minh-Hoang Nguyen, 2022. "Escaping from Air Pollution: Exploring the Psychological Mechanism behind the Emergence of Internal Migration Intention among Urban Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12233-:d:926281
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    Cited by:

    1. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2023. "Essential materials for Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics," OSF Preprints 7bxpd, Center for Open Science.
    2. Chuanwang Zhang & Guangsheng Zhang, 2024. "How Does Air Pollution Impact Residence Intention of Rural Migrants? Empirical Evidence from the CMDS," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Khuc, Quy Van & Dang, Phuong-Thao & Tran, Phuong-Mai & Nguyen, Thuy & Pham, Phu & Tran, Duc-Trung, 2022. "Exploring strategies to tackle plastic waste pollution: Evidence from Vietnamese household survey and Bayesian approach," OSF Preprints m73ef, Center for Open Science.
    4. Xuan Wang & Lingqiong Wu, 2024. "Intergenerational differences in the environmental concerns of plastic waste business owners: environmental knowledge, environmental risk exposure, and community connection as mediators," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Mindsponge, AISDL, 2022. "Release of guide for bayesvl version 1.0," OSF Preprints rs3zb, Center for Open Science.

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