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Combined Dietary Education and High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Author

Listed:
  • Pallav Deka

    (College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

  • Jesús Blesa

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain)

  • Dola Pathak

    (Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

  • Nuria Sempere-Rubio

    (Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanics (UBIC), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Paula Iglesias

    (University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Lydia Micó

    (University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • José Miguel Soriano

    (Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
    Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain)

  • Leonie Klompstra

    (Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden)

  • Elena Marques-Sule

    (Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Reducing cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes that include a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise is recommended in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We pilot-tested the effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training (DE–HIIRT) program on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables in patients with established CAD. Methods: A total of 22 participants, aged 60.0 ± 7.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Over 3 months, under the guidance and supervision of a physiotherapist, participants performed the resistance exercises 2×/week in a group setting (cohort of 11). Participants additionally attended three sessions of dietary education led by a dietician. Participants demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of dietary education by picking heart-healthy foods by reading food labels. Outcomes included change in diet (measured using the tricipital skinfold thickness Mediterranean Diet Adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14) and the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FCFQ)) and anthropometric measurements (body composition, body circumference, and tricipital skinfold thickness). A paired t-test was performed to analyze the differences between the baseline and post-intervention results. Results: Participants significantly increased their consumption of vegetables ( p = 0.04) and lowered their consumption of sweet snacks ( p = 0.007), pastries ( p = 0.02), and processed food ( p = 0.05). Significant improvements in body mass index ( p = 0.001), waist circumference ( p = 0.0001), hip circumference ( p = 0.04), and body fat ( p = 0.0001) were also achieved. Conclusion: Making lifestyle changes that include both diet and exercise is essential in the management of CAD. The HIIRT program combined with dietary changes shows promise in achieving weight-loss goals in this population and needs to be further investigated with appropriate study designs.

Suggested Citation

  • Pallav Deka & Jesús Blesa & Dola Pathak & Nuria Sempere-Rubio & Paula Iglesias & Lydia Micó & José Miguel Soriano & Leonie Klompstra & Elena Marques-Sule, 2022. "Combined Dietary Education and High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-10, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11402-:d:911785
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    Cited by:

    1. Michał Święczkowski & Sławomir Dobrzycki & Łukasz Kuźma, 2023. "Multi-City Analysis of the Acute Effect of Polish Smog on Cause-Specific Mortality (EP-PARTICLES Study)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Etienne Ngeh Ngeh & Anna Lowe & Carol Garcia & Sionnadh McLean, 2023. "Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(22), pages 1-18, November.

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