IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i17p10896-d903765.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Metal Exposure, Smoking, and the Risk of COPD: A Nested Case–Control Study in a Chinese Occupational Population

Author

Listed:
  • Li Ma

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Xinxin Huo

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Aimin Yang

    (Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China)

  • Shuxia Yu

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Hongxia Ke

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Mingxia Zhang

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Yana Bai

    (School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2019, with a significant disease burden. We conducted a nested case–control study using data from the China Metal-Exposed Workers Cohort Study (Jinchang Cohort) and assessed the associations of exposure to metals and tobacco smoking with the risk of COPD. We used the logistic regression model and the interaction multiplication model to assess the independent and combined effects of heavy metal and smoke exposure on COPD. The cumulative incidence of COPD was 1.04% in 21,560 participants during a median of two years of follow-up. The risk of COPD was significantly elevated with an increase in the amount of tobacco smoked daily ( p < 0.05), the number of years of smoking ( p trend < 0.05), and the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per year ( p trend < 0.01). Compared with the low metal exposure group, the adjusted OR was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.85–1.76) in the medium exposure group (mining/production workers) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.03–2.18) in the high exposure group; smoking and metal exposure had a combined effect on the incidence of COPD ( p interaction < 0.01), with an OR of 4.60 for those with >40 pack-years of smoking who also had the highest metal exposures. Both exposures to metals and smoking were associated with the risk of COPD, and there was an interaction between the two exposures for the risk of COPD.

Suggested Citation

  • Li Ma & Xinxin Huo & Aimin Yang & Shuxia Yu & Hongxia Ke & Mingxia Zhang & Yana Bai, 2022. "Metal Exposure, Smoking, and the Risk of COPD: A Nested Case–Control Study in a Chinese Occupational Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10896-:d:903765
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/10896/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/10896/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hanna Maria Elonheimo & Tiina Mattila & Helle Raun Andersen & Beatrice Bocca & Flavia Ruggieri & Elsi Haverinen & Hanna Tolonen, 2022. "Environmental Substances Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-13, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. María Isabel Ventura-Miranda & Isabel María Fernández-Medina & Eulalia Guillén-Romera & Rocío Ortíz-Amo & María Dolores Ruíz-Fernández, 2022. "Effect of Gestational Pesticide Exposure on the Child’s Respiratory System: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10896-:d:903765. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.