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Safety Culture and the Positive Association of Being a Primary Care Training Practice during COVID-19: The Results of the Multi-Country European PRICOV-19 Study

Author

Listed:
  • Bianca Silva

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Zlata Ožvačić Adžić

    (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
    Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Pierre Vanden Bussche

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Esther Van Poel

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Bohumil Seifert

    (Institute of General Practice, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Cindy Heaster

    (Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia)

  • Claire Collins

    (Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, D02 XR68 Dublin, Ireland)

  • Canan Tuz Yilmaz

    (Family Medicine Department, Bursa Uludag University, 16130 Bursa, Turkey)

  • Felicity Knights

    (Population Health Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK)

  • Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin

    (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Maria Pilar Astier Peña

    (Primary Health Centre Universitas, Aragon Health Services, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Medical School, Universidad de Zaragoza, GIBA-ISS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Neophytos Stylianou

    (RTD Talos, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
    International Institute for Compassionate Care, 2415 Nicosia, Cyprus)

  • Raquel Gomez Bravo

    (CHNP, Rehaklinik, L-9002 Ettelbruck, Luxembourg
    Research Group Self-Regulation and Health, Institute for Health and Behaviour, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg)

  • Venija Cerovečki

    (Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
    Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Zalika Klemenc Ketis

    (Ljubljana Community Health Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
    Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
    Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Sara Willems

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium)

Abstract

The day-to-day work of primary care (PC) was substantially changed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching practices needed to adapt both clinical work and teaching in a way that enabled the teaching process to continue, while maintaining safe and high-quality care. Our study aims to investigate the effect of being a training practice on a number of different outcomes related to the safety culture of PC practices. PRICOV-19 is a multi-country cross-sectional study that researches how PC practices were organized in 38 countries during the pandemic. Data was collected from November 2020 to December 2021. We categorized practices into training and non-training and selected outcomes relating to safety culture: safe practice management, community outreach, professional well-being and adherence to protocols. Mixed-effects regression models were built to analyze the effect of being a training practice for each of the outcomes, while controlling for relevant confounders. Of the participating practices, 2886 (56%) were non-training practices and 2272 (44%) were training practices. Being a training practice was significantly associated with a lower risk for adverse mental health events (OR: 0.83; CI: 0.70–0.99), a higher number of safety measures related to patient flow (Beta: 0.17; CI: 0.07–0.28), a higher number of safety incidents reported (RR: 1.12; CI: 1.06–1.19) and more protected time for meetings (Beta: 0.08; CI: 0.01–0.15). No significant associations were found for outreach initiatives, availability of triage information, use of a phone protocol or infection prevention measures and equipment availability. Training practices were found to have a stronger safety culture than non-training practices. These results have important policy implications, since involving more PC practices in education may be an effective way to improve quality and safety in general practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Bianca Silva & Zlata Ožvačić Adžić & Pierre Vanden Bussche & Esther Van Poel & Bohumil Seifert & Cindy Heaster & Claire Collins & Canan Tuz Yilmaz & Felicity Knights & Maria de la Cruz Gomez Pellin & , 2022. "Safety Culture and the Positive Association of Being a Primary Care Training Practice during COVID-19: The Results of the Multi-Country European PRICOV-19 Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10515-:d:895871
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luo Lu & Yi-Ming Ko & Hsing-Yu Chen & Jui-Wen Chueh & Po-Ying Chen & Cary L. Cooper, 2022. "Patient Safety and Staff Well-Being: Organizational Culture as a Resource," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adam Windak & Katarzyna Nessler & Esther Van Poel & Claire Collins & Ewa Wójtowicz & Liubove Murauskiene & Kathryn Hoffmann & Sara Willems, 2022. "Responding to COVID-19: The Suitability of Primary Care Infrastructure in 33 Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.

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