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Effects of Home-Based Nine-Square Step Exercises for Fall Prevention in Thai Community-Dwelling Older Adults during a COVID-19 Lockdown: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study

Author

Listed:
  • Disatorn Dejvajara

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Ranlaphat Aungkasuraphan

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Piyathida Palee

    (Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Chanodom Piankusol

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Wachiranun Sirikul

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Penprapa Siviroj

    (Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

Abstract

The deterioration of muscle strength in aging has been associated with fall risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults were restricted from doing outdoor activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nine-Square Step Exercises (NSSE) on improving physical performance and balance in older adults at risk of falling. We conducted an open-labelled, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial in 46 (aged 65–84 years) community-dwelling older adults. They were randomly assigned to an NSSE group ( n = 24) instructed to perform the program for at least 45 days over 8 weeks or a control group ( n = 22). The outcomes were measured by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand test (FTSS), and hand grip strength during the baseline, 4th and 8th weeks in both groups. A mixed-effect linear regression model analysis was performed to estimate the independent effect of NSSE by the intention-to-treat over the 8-week period. The NSSE group showed significant weekly changes in BBS (β 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.84), TUG (β −0.44, 95% CI: −0.74, −0.14), and FTSS (β −0.52, 95% CI: −0.78, −0.25), demonstrating beneficial improvements in lower extremity and balance, whereas the control group did not demonstrate significant changes over time in any parameter.

Suggested Citation

  • Disatorn Dejvajara & Ranlaphat Aungkasuraphan & Piyathida Palee & Chanodom Piankusol & Wachiranun Sirikul & Penprapa Siviroj, 2022. "Effects of Home-Based Nine-Square Step Exercises for Fall Prevention in Thai Community-Dwelling Older Adults during a COVID-19 Lockdown: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10514-:d:895889
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth F Schulz & Douglas G Altman & David Moher & for the CONSORT Group, 2010. "CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
    2. Jiraporn Chittrakul & Penprapa Siviroj & Somporn Sungkarat & Ratana Sapbamrer, 2020. "Multi-System Physical Exercise Intervention for Fall Prevention and Quality of Life in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-13, April.
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