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From Sewage Sludge to the Soil—Transfer of Pharmaceuticals: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Wioleta Bolesta

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
    Water and Sewage Company in Żory, ul. Wodociągowa 10, 44-240 Zory, Poland)

  • Marcin Głodniok

    (Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Styszko

    (Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

Sewage sludge, produced in the process of wastewater treatment and managed for agriculture, poses the risk of disseminating all the pollutants contained in it. It is tested for heavy metals or parasites, but the concentration of pharmaceuticals in the sludge is not controlled. The presence of these micropollutants in sludge is proven and there is no doubt about their negative impact on the environment. The fate of these micropollutants in the soil is a new and important issue that needs to be known to finally assess the safety of the agricultural use of sewage sludge. The article will discuss issues related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge and their physicochemical properties. The changes that pharmaceuticals undergo have a significant impact on living organisms. This is important for the implementation of a circular economy, which fits perfectly into the agricultural use of stabilized sewage sludge. Research should be undertaken that clearly shows that there is no risk from pharmaceuticals or vice versa: they contribute to the strict definition of maximum allowable concentrations in sludge, which will become an additional criterion in the legislation on municipal sewage sludge.

Suggested Citation

  • Wioleta Bolesta & Marcin Głodniok & Katarzyna Styszko, 2022. "From Sewage Sludge to the Soil—Transfer of Pharmaceuticals: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10246-:d:891126
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yanqiu Shao & Kai Yang & Rongchang Jia & Chao Tian & Ying Zhu, 2018. "Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Xuexia Yuan & Yong Zhang & Chenxi Sun & Wenbo Wang & Yuanjuan Wu & Lixia Fan & Bing Liu, 2022. "Profile of Bacterial Community and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Typical Vegetable Greenhouse Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.
    3. Lucía Rodríguez-López & Vanesa Santás-Miguel & Raquel Cela-Dablanca & Avelino Núñez-Delgado & Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez & Paula Pérez-Rodríguez & Manuel Arias-Estévez, 2022. "Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim Adsorption/Desorption in Agricultural Soils," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-19, July.
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