IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i15p9698-d881971.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Ziruo Zhou

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Chi Peng

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Xu Liu

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Zhichao Jiang

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Zhaohui Guo

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Xiyuan Xiao

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

Abstract

Pb–Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb–Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals’ distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb–Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb–Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziruo Zhou & Chi Peng & Xu Liu & Zhichao Jiang & Zhaohui Guo & Xiyuan Xiao, 2022. "Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9698-:d:881971
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9698/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9698/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jinnan Wu & Jian Long & Lingfei Liu & Juan Li & Hongkai Liao & Mingjiang Zhang & Chang Zhao & Qiusheng Wu, 2018. "Risk Assessment and Source Identification of Toxic Metals in the Agricultural Soil around a Pb/Zn Mining and Smelting Area in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoxian Zhang & Tingran Liu & Jichen Zhang & Ling Zhu, 2023. "Potential Mechanism of Long-Term Immobilization of Pb/Cd by Layered Double Hydroxide Doped Chicken-Manure Biochar," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-16, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jolanta Korzeniowska & Ewa Stanislawska-Glubiak, 2024. "The Suitability of Several Grasses for the Remediation of Hotspots Affected by Cadmium Contamination," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9698-:d:881971. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.