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Content of Pb and Zn in Sediments and Hydrobionts as Ecological Markers for Pollution Assessment of Freshwater Objects in Bulgaria—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Elica Valkova

    (Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Vasil Atanasov

    (Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Milena Tzanova

    (Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Stefka Atanassova

    (Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Ivaylo Sirakov

    (Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Katya Velichkova

    (Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Margarita H. Marinova

    (Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

  • Kristian Yakimov

    (Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria)

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to describe the contents of Pb and Zn in sediments and hydrobionts as ecological markers for the pollution assessment of freshwater objects in Bulgaria, and the data are compared with other countries and regions. Symmetry was found regarding the levels of Zn in the sediment of the Ovcharitsa and Zhrebchevo dams, which were twice the MAC for arable land (Regulation № 3 of Bulgarian legislation). Symmetry was also observed between the results for Zn and Pb in the studied sediments, and the “favorites” in terms of content were the samples from Zhrebchevo Dam and, especially, from Ovcharitsa Dam. Asymmetry was established in the accumulation of Zn in the livers of carps inhabiting Topolnitsa Dam in comparison with these in Ovcharitsa Dam. A similar asymmetry was observed for lead. The analysis of the muscles and livers of the studied fish showed an asymmetry in the accumulation of zinc, and this process was more intense in the liver. Symmetry was found in the accumulation of Pb in the liver and muscle tissues of the carp from the studied water bodies.

Suggested Citation

  • Elica Valkova & Vasil Atanasov & Milena Tzanova & Stefka Atanassova & Ivaylo Sirakov & Katya Velichkova & Margarita H. Marinova & Kristian Yakimov, 2022. "Content of Pb and Zn in Sediments and Hydrobionts as Ecological Markers for Pollution Assessment of Freshwater Objects in Bulgaria—A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9600-:d:880261
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. O. Farombi & O. A. Adelowo & Y. R. Ajimoko, 2007. "Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Levels as Indicators of Environmental Pollution in African Cat Fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) from Nigeria Ogun River," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-8, June.
    2. Yovana Todorova & Stilyana Lincheva & Ivaylo Yotinov & Yana Topalova, 2016. "Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Long-Term Polluted Sediments with Heavy Metals in Small Hydropower Cascade," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(12), pages 4171-4184, September.
    3. Huong Thi Thuy Ngo & Lan Anh Thi Tran & Dinh Quoc Nguyen & Tien Thi Hanh Nguyen & Thao Thanh Le & Yue Gao, 2021. "Metal Pollution and Bioaccumulation in the Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam: Potential Ecological and Human Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Zhenfeng Zang & Yonghua Li & Hairong Li & Zhaohui Guo & Ru Zhang, 2020. "Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-13, March.
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