IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i15p9014-d870709.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Care Spending Stratified by Gender among Adults with Arthritis in the United States 2011–2019

Author

Listed:
  • Antoinette L. Spector

    (Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
    Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Emily Matsen

    (Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
    Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Leonard E. Egede

    (Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
    Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were racial/ethnic differences and patterns for individual office-based visit expenditures by gender among a nationally representative sample of adults with arthritis. We retrospectively analyzed pooled data from the 2011 to 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey of adults who self-reported an arthritis diagnosis, stratified by gender (men = 13,378; women = 33,261). Our dependent variable was office-based visit expenditures. Our independent variables were survey year (categorized as 2011–2013, 2014–2016, 2017–2019) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic other/multiracial). We conducted trends analysis to assess for changes in expenditures over time. We utilized a two-part model to assess differences in office-based expenditures among participants who had any office-based expenditure and then calculated the average marginal effects. The unadjusted office-based visit expenditures increased significantly across the study period for both men and women with arthritis, as well as for some racial and ethnic groups depending on gender. Differing racial and ethnic patterns of expenditures by gender remained after accounting for socio-demographic, healthcare access, and health status factors. Delaying care was an independent driver of higher office-based expenditures for women with arthritis but not men. Our findings reinforce the escalating burden of healthcare costs among U.S. adults with arthritis across genders and certain racial and ethnic groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoinette L. Spector & Emily Matsen & Leonard E. Egede, 2022. "Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Health Care Spending Stratified by Gender among Adults with Arthritis in the United States 2011–2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9014-:d:870709
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9014/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9014/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jessica M. McIlvane & Tamara A. Baker & Chivon A. Mingo, 2008. "Racial Differences in Arthritis-Related Stress, Chronic Life Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Women With Arthritis: A Contextual Perspective," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 63(5), pages 320-327.
    2. Bauer, Greta R., 2014. "Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 10-17.
    3. Bowleg, L., 2012. "The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1267-1273.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Daniel Demant & Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios & Julie-Anne Carroll & Jason A. Ferris & Larissa Maier & Monica J. Barratt & Adam R. Winstock, 2018. "Do people with intersecting identities report more high-risk alcohol use and lifetime substance use?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(5), pages 621-630, June.
    2. Alvarez, Camila H. & Evans, Clare Rosenfeld, 2021. "Intersectional environmental justice and population health inequalities: A novel approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    3. Silvia Loi & Peng Li & Mikko Myrskylä, 2022. "At the intersection of adverse life course pathways: the effects on health by nativity," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2022-018, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    4. Layland, Eric K. & Maggs, Jennifer L. & Kipke, Michele D. & Bray, Bethany C., 2022. "Intersecting racism and homonegativism among sexual minority men of color: Latent class analysis of multidimensional stigma with subgroup differences in health and sociostructural burdens," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    5. Sangaramoorthy, Thurka & Benton, Adia, 2022. "Intersectionality and syndemics: A commentary," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    6. Tyler D. Harvey & Ijeoma Opara & Emily A. Wang, 2022. "Role of the Intersections of Gender, Race and Sexual Orientation in the Association between Substance Use Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a National Sample of Adults with Recent Crimi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Cassandra Carels & Maria Florence & Sabirah Adams & Deborah Louise Sinclair & Shazly Savahl, 2022. "Youths’ Perceptions Of The Relation Between Alcohol Consumption And Risky Sexual Behaviour in the Western Cape, South Africa: A Qualitative Study," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(4), pages 1269-1293, August.
    8. Evans, Clare R. & Erickson, Natasha, 2019. "Intersectionality and depression in adolescence and early adulthood: A MAIHDA analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health, 1995–2008," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 1-11.
    9. Evans, Clare R. & Williams, David R. & Onnela, Jukka-Pekka & Subramanian, S.V., 2018. "A multilevel approach to modeling health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social identities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 64-73.
    10. Tuyet-Mai H. Hoang & Ainslee Wong, 2022. "Exploring the Application of Intersectionality as a Path toward Equity in Perinatal Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-25, December.
    11. Evans, Clare R., 2019. "Adding interactions to models of intersectional health inequalities: Comparing multilevel and conventional methods," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 95-105.
    12. Scott J. Fitzpatrick & Bronwyn K. Brew & Donna M. Y. Read & Kerry J. Inder & Alan Hayes & David Perkins, 2019. "Rethinking Suicide in Rural Australia: A study Protocol for Examining and Applying Knowledge of the Social Determinants to Improve Prevention in Non-Indigenous Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
    13. Bridget Gorman & Justin Denney & Hilary Dowdy & Rose Medeiros, 2015. "A New Piece of the Puzzle: Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Physical Health Status," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(4), pages 1357-1382, August.
    14. Park, In Young & Speer, Rachel & Whitfield, Darren L. & Kattari, Leo & Walls, Eugene N. & Christensen, Candace, 2022. "Predictors of bullying, depression, and suicide attempts among youth: The intersection of race/ethnicity by gender identity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    15. Tristen Hall & Ronica Rooks & Carol Kaufman, 2020. "Intersections of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Race and Ethnicity and Asthma Outcomes: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-19, November.
    16. Duncan, Dustin T. & Cook, Stephanie H. & Wood, Erica P. & Regan, Seann D. & Chaix, Basile & Tian, Yijun & Chunara, Rumi, 2023. "Structural racism and homophobia evaluated through social media sentiment combined with activity spaces and associations with mental health among young sexual minority men," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    17. Daniel Holman & Alan Walker, 2021. "Understanding unequal ageing: towards a synthesis of intersectionality and life course analyses," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 239-255, June.
    18. Ning Hsieh & Deirdre Shires & Hui Liu & Sam Safford & Kryssia J. Campos, 2024. "Unequal Access to Primary Care Providers at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, and Gender," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(4), pages 1-12, August.
    19. Philipp Jaehn & Emily Mena & Sibille Merz & Robert Hoffmann & Antje Gößwald & Alexander Rommel & Christine Holmberg & on behalf of the ADVANCE GENDER study group, 2020. "Non-response in a national health survey in Germany: An intersectionality-informed multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-17, August.
    20. Beccia, Ariel L. & Baek, Jonggyu & Austin, S. Bryn & Jesdale, William M. & Lapane, Kate L., 2021. "Eating-related pathology at the intersection of gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, and weight status: An intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminat," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9014-:d:870709. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.