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Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risks of Sulfonamides in the Shaanxi Section of the Weihe River

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  • Lei Duan

    (School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
    Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Siyue Yang

    (School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
    Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Yaqiao Sun

    (School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
    Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Fei Ye

    (School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
    Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Jie Jiang

    (School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
    Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Xiaomei Kou

    (Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an 710065, China
    Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710065, China)

  • Fan Yang

    (Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an 710065, China
    Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710065, China)

Abstract

The hazards of antibiotics as emerging contaminants to aquatic ecosystems and human health have received global attention. This study investigates the presence, concentration levels, spatial and temporal distribution patterns, and their potential risks to aquatic organisms and human health of sulfonamides (SAs) in the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River. The SA pollution in the Weihe River was relatively less than that in other rivers in China and abroad. The spatial and temporal distribution showed that the total concentrations of SAs in the Weihe River were highest in the main stream (ND–35.296 ng/L), followed by the south tributary (3.718–34.354 ng/L) and north tributary (5.476–9.302 ng/L) during the wet water period. Similarly, the order of concentration from highest to lowest during the flat water period was main stream (ND–3 ng/L), north tributary (ND–2.095 ng/L), and south tributary (ND–1.3 ng/L). In addition, the ecological risk assessment showed that the SAs other than sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) posed no significant risk (RQS < 0.01) to the corresponding sensitive species during both periods, with no significant risk to human health for different age groups, as suggested by the health risk assessment. The risk of the six SAs to both aquatic organisms and human health decreased significantly from 2016 to 2021.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei Duan & Siyue Yang & Yaqiao Sun & Fei Ye & Jie Jiang & Xiaomei Kou & Fan Yang, 2022. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risks of Sulfonamides in the Shaanxi Section of the Weihe River," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8607-:d:863162
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haiying Chen & Wenfang Zheng & Xiaoming Shen & Fei Zhang & Xiaoping Zhou & Jialin Shen & Ming Lu, 2021. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Different Environmental Media in Anqing, Anhui Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-11, July.
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