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Chronotropic Response and Heart Rate Variability before and after a 160 m Walking Test in Young, Middle-Aged, Frail, and Non-Frail Older Adults

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  • Lesli Álvarez-Millán

    (Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

  • Claudia Lerma

    (Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico)

  • Daniel Castillo-Castillo

    (Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico)

  • Rosa M. Quispe-Siccha

    (Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico)

  • Argelia Pérez-Pacheco

    (Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico)

  • Jesús Rivera-Sánchez

    (Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico)

  • Ruben Fossion

    (Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
    Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico)

Abstract

The frailty syndrome is characterized by a decreased capacity to adequately respond to stressors. One of the most impaired physiological systems is the autonomous nervous system, which can be assessed through heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) analysis. In this article, we studied the chronotropic response (HR and HRV) to a walking test. We also analyzed HRV indices in rest as potential biomarkers of frailty. For this, a 160 m-walking test and two standing rest tests (before and after the walking) were performed by young (19–29 years old, n = 21, 57% women), middle-aged (30–59 years old, n = 16, 62% women), and frail older adults (>60 years old, n = 28, 40% women) and non-frail older adults (>60 years old, n = 15, 71% women), classified with the FRAIL scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Frequency domain parameters better allowed to distinguish between frail and non-frail older adults (low-frequency power LF, high-frequency power HF (nu), LF/HF ratio, and ECG-derived respiration rate EDR). Frail older adults showed an increased HF (nu) and EDR and a reduced LF (nu) and LF/HF compared to non-frail older adults. The increase in HF (nu) could be due to a higher breathing effort. Our results showed that a walk of 160 m is a sufficient cardiovascular stressor to exhibit an attenuated autonomic response in frail older adults. Several HRV indices showed to be potential biomarkers of frailty, being LF (nu) and the time required to reach the maximum HR the best candidates.

Suggested Citation

  • Lesli Álvarez-Millán & Claudia Lerma & Daniel Castillo-Castillo & Rosa M. Quispe-Siccha & Argelia Pérez-Pacheco & Jesús Rivera-Sánchez & Ruben Fossion, 2022. "Chronotropic Response and Heart Rate Variability before and after a 160 m Walking Test in Young, Middle-Aged, Frail, and Non-Frail Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8413-:d:859320
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    Cited by:

    1. Lesli Álvarez-Millán & Daniel Castillo-Castillo & Rosa Quispe-Siccha & Argelia Pérez-Pacheco & Maia Angelova & Jesús Rivera-Sánchez & Ruben Fossion, 2023. "Frailty Syndrome as a Transition from Compensation to Decompensation: Application to the Biomechanical Regulation of Gait," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-18, May.

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