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Improved Aerobic Capacity and Adipokine Profile Together with Weight Loss Improve Glycemic Control without Changes in Skeletal Muscle GLUT-4 Gene Expression in Middle-Aged Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Author

Listed:
  • Mika Venojärvi

    (Institute of Biomedicine, Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland)

  • Jaana Lindström

    (Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Sirkka Aunola

    (Functional Capacity Unit, Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 20740 Turku, Finland)

  • Pirjo Nuutila

    (PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland)

  • Mustafa Atalay

    (Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland)

Abstract

(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of adipokines in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in response to a long-term exercise and dietary intervention. (2) Methods: Skeletal muscle, plasma and serum samples were examined in 22 subjects from an exercise–diet intervention study aiming to prevent type 2 diabetes. The subjects were further divided into two subgroups (non-responders n = 9 and responders n = 13) based on their achievement in losing at least 3 kg. (3) Results: The two-year exercise–diet intervention reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels in responders; the changes in leptin levels were significantly associated with changes in their weights (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). In responders, insulin sensitivity (Bennett and McAuley index) increased and was associated with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) (r = 0.831, p < 0.010 and r = 0.890, p < 0.01). In addition, the VO 2 peak and oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle improved in responders, but not in non-responders. However, there were no changes between the two groups in expressions of the glucose transporter protein-4 (GLUT-4) gene or of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α1 or AMPK-α2 proteins. (4) Conclusions: The exercise–diet intervention decreased serum leptin and increased serum adiponectin concentrations, improved glucose control without affecting GLUT-4 gene expression in the skeletal muscle in responders.

Suggested Citation

  • Mika Venojärvi & Jaana Lindström & Sirkka Aunola & Pirjo Nuutila & Mustafa Atalay, 2022. "Improved Aerobic Capacity and Adipokine Profile Together with Weight Loss Improve Glycemic Control without Changes in Skeletal Muscle GLUT-4 Gene Expression in Middle-Aged Subjects with Impaired Gluco," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8327-:d:857936
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ildikó Rostás & László Pótó & Péter Mátrai & Péter Hegyi & Judit Tenk & András Garami & Anita Illés & Margit Solymár & Erika Pétervári & Ákos Szűcs & Andrea Párniczky & Dániel Pécsi & Zoltán Rumbus & , 2017. "In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-23, August.
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