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Development and Validation of the Mexican Public Open Spaces Tool (MexPOS)

Author

Listed:
  • Catalina Medina

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

  • Annel Hernández

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

  • Maria E. Hermosillo-Gallardo

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

  • Célida I. Gómez Gámez

    (Departamento de Arquitectura, Urbanismo e Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City 01219, Mexico)

  • Eugen Resendiz

    (Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA)

  • Maricruz Morales

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

  • Claudia Nieto

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

  • Mildred Moreno

    (Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (ESIA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 07340, Mexico)

  • Simón Barquera

    (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico)

Abstract

Public open spaces (POS) are “publicly owned spaces such as parks, green areas, squares, marketplaces, streets and highways which are of public access”. Some attributes could increase or decrease participants’ attendance. Thus, reliable and valid audit tools are needed in order to measure these attributes. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to assess POS features within the Mexico City context. The Mexican Public Open Spaces Tool (MexPOS) was developed based on (1) two validated POS audit tools, (2) several visits to the POS, (3) pilot testing, and (4) multiple work sessions with a group of specialists. The original tool included 181 items divided into nine sections. Trained personnel visited and evaluated 944 POS in Mexico City. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the items and the relationship between the subscales. The final model resulted in seven factors: (1) Food and Wellness Environment (α = 0.15), (2) Maintenance (α = 0.81), (3) Amenities (α = 0.72), (4) Legibility (α = 0.59), (5) Security (α = 0.48), (6) Perceived Environment (α = 0.65), and (7) Urban Environment (α = 0.58). Our study highlights the relevance of using a validated tool to measure POS characteristics related to participants’ attendance to help assess infrastructure improvements and identify priority areas for changing socio-urban environments for physical activity.

Suggested Citation

  • Catalina Medina & Annel Hernández & Maria E. Hermosillo-Gallardo & Célida I. Gómez Gámez & Eugen Resendiz & Maricruz Morales & Claudia Nieto & Mildred Moreno & Simón Barquera, 2022. "Development and Validation of the Mexican Public Open Spaces Tool (MexPOS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:8198-:d:855776
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah A. Costigan & Jenny Veitch & David Crawford & Alison Carver & Anna Timperio, 2017. "A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Importance of Park Features for Promoting Regular Physical Activity in Parks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-10, November.
    2. Liqin Zhang & Huhua Cao & Ruibo Han, 2021. "Residents’ Preferences and Perceptions toward Green Open Spaces in an Urban Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Kaczynski, A.T. & Potwarka, L.R. & Saelens P, B.E., 2008. "Association of park size, distance, and features with physical activity in neighborhood parks," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(8), pages 1451-1456.
    4. Jelle Van Cauwenberg & Ester Cerin & Anna Timperio & Jo Salmon & Benedicte Deforche & Jenny Veitch, 2017. "Is the Association between Park Proximity and Recreational Physical Activity among Mid-Older Aged Adults Moderated by Park Quality and Neighborhood Conditions?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-11, February.
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