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Definition of an Indoor Air Sampling Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Risk Management: Case Study in Kindergartens

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Borgese

    (INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
    Smart Solutions S.r.l., Via Corfù, 106, 25124 Brescia, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Tomasoni

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Filippo Marciano

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Annalisa Zacco

    (INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
    Smart Solutions S.r.l., Via Corfù, 106, 25124 Brescia, Italy)

  • Fabjola Bilo

    (INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
    Smart Solutions S.r.l., Via Corfù, 106, 25124 Brescia, Italy)

  • Elena Stefana

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Paola Cocca

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Diana Rossi

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Paola Cirelli

    (Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Architecture and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Sara Comai

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Architecture and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Silvia Mastrolembo Ventura

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Architecture and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Michela Savoldi Boles

    (BIOSIDE S.r.l., Via A. Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy)

  • Diletta Micheletti

    (BIOSIDE S.r.l., Via A. Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy)

  • Daniela Cattivelli

    (AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies S.r.l., Via P. Majavacca 12, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy)

  • Serena Galletti

    (AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies S.r.l., Via P. Majavacca 12, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy)

  • Sophie Dubacq

    (Bertin Instruments, Brand of Bertin Technologies S.A.S., 10 Bis Avenue Ampère, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France)

  • Maria Grazia Perrone

    (TCR Tecora S.r.l., Via delle Primule, 16, 20815 Cogliate, Italy
    XearPro S.r.l., Via delle Primule, 16, 20815 Cogliate, Italy)

  • Laura Eleonora Depero

    (INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
    Smart Solutions S.r.l., Via Corfù, 106, 25124 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

In the last two years, the world has been overwhelmed by SARS-CoV-2. One of the most important ways to prevent the spread of the virus is the control of indoor conditions: from surface hygiene to ventilation. Regarding the indoor environments, monitoring the presence of the virus in the indoor air seems to be promising, since there is strong evidence that airborne transmission through infected droplets and aerosols is its dominant transmission route. So far, few studies report the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air; moreover, the lack of a standard guideline for air monitoring reduces the uniformity of the results and their usefulness in the management of the risk of virus transmission. In this work, starting from a critical analysis of the existing standards and guidelines for indoor air quality, we define a strategy to set-up indoor air sampling plans for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The strategy is then tested through a case study conducted in two kindergartens in the metropolitan city of Milan, in Italy, involving a total of 290 children and 47 teachers from 19 classrooms. The results proved its completeness, effectiveness, and suitability as a key tool in the airborne SARS-CoV-2 infection risk management process. Future research directions are then identified and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Borgese & Giuseppe Tomasoni & Filippo Marciano & Annalisa Zacco & Fabjola Bilo & Elena Stefana & Paola Cocca & Diana Rossi & Paola Cirelli & Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini & Sara Comai & Silvia M, 2022. "Definition of an Indoor Air Sampling Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Risk Management: Case Study in Kindergartens," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7406-:d:840449
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Brett Munckton & Priyadarsini Rajagopalan, 2024. "Interaction between Thermal Conditions and Ventilation in Kindergartens in Melbourne, Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, January.

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