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The Mediating Effect of Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake on the Relationship of Physical Activity with Body Composition in High School Students

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  • André Bento

    (Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Sport and Health, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

  • Luis Carrasco

    (BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain)

  • Armando Raimundo

    (Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Department of Sport and Health, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and health-related physical fitness (PF) in adolescents and analyze if the associations of PA with body composition (BC) in adolescents are mediated by physical fitness or energy intake (EI). The participants were 236 adolescents (140 girls 16.1 ± 0.92 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the Yo-YoITL1, and the push-up test was used to evaluate strength. BCs were measured on an electrical weight scale. Triaxial accelerometers were used to determine PA levels and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. EI was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Mediation effects were estimated using bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and were deemed significant if zero was not included in the intervals. The mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of MVPA only through PF on BC, specifically through CRF on body fat (B = −0.0146, 95% BootCI (−0.0219; −0.0076)) and on lean body mass (B = 0.0096, 95% BootCI (0.0049; 0.0152)), as well as through upper body strength on body fat (B = −0.012, 95% BootCI (−0.0171; −0.0072)) and on lean body mass (B = 0.0059, 95% BootCI (0.003; 0.0095)). These results suggest that PA of at least a moderate intensity is relevant to BC and health-related PF in adolescents, regardless of the EI.

Suggested Citation

  • André Bento & Luis Carrasco & Armando Raimundo, 2022. "The Mediating Effect of Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake on the Relationship of Physical Activity with Body Composition in High School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7301-:d:838665
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sabine Herget & Sandra Reichardt & Andrea Grimm & David Petroff & Jakob Käpplinger & Michael Haase & Jana Markert & Susann Blüher, 2016. "High-Intensity Interval Training for Overweight Adolescents: Program Acceptance of a Media Supported Intervention and Changes in Body Composition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, November.
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    Keywords

    exercise; health; fitness; youth;
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