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Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Monika Bernburg

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Mara Shirin Hetzmann

    (Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Natascha Mojtahedzadeh

    (Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Felix Alexander Neumann

    (Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Matthias Augustin

    (Competence Center for Health Services Research in Vascular Diseases (CVvasc), Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Volker Harth

    (Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany)

  • David Alexander Groneberg

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Birgit-Christiane Zyriax

    (Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Stefanie Mache

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
    Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine (ZfAM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20459 Hamburg, Germany)

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient nurses have been exposed to a double burden of already known occupational and new pandemic-related stressors. Recent studies suggest that increased pandemic-related stress can affect mental health and promote the development of negative mental health outcomes for nurses. This includes a decrease in sleep quality and work engagement. In addition, certain groups appear to be particularly vulnerable to pandemic-related stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress perception of German outpatient nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine associations between their pandemic-related stress and variables such as sleep quality, work engagement, pandemic-related worries and concerns. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed based on well-established measurement instruments such as the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional online survey among outpatient nurses from Germany. Participants ( n = 166) showed rather moderate overall pandemic-related stress levels, good sleep quality, high work engagement, and moderate pandemic-related worries and concerns. Pandemic-related stress proved to be a predictor of decreased sleep quality and work engagement of outpatient nurses with weak effect sizes. Despite the surprisingly moderate stress levels, the effects of pandemic-related stress on selected aspects of participants’ mental health could be demonstrated. Therefore, behavioural and organisational health promotion measures are recommended to support outpatient nurses during the pandemic. However, further research is needed to determine the causal relationships and long-term effects of pandemic-related stress on the mental health of outpatient caregivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Monika Bernburg & Mara Shirin Hetzmann & Natascha Mojtahedzadeh & Felix Alexander Neumann & Matthias Augustin & Volker Harth & David Alexander Groneberg & Birgit-Christiane Zyriax & Stefanie Mache, 2021. "Stress Perception, Sleep Quality and Work Engagement of German Outpatient Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2021:i:1:p:313-:d:713214
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mara Shirin Hetzmann & Natascha Mojtahedzadeh & Albert Nienhaus & Volker Harth & Stefanie Mache, 2021. "Occupational Health and Safety Measures in German Outpatient Care Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Bram P. I. Fleuren & Lieze T. Poesen & Rachel E. Gifford & Fred R. H. Zijlstra & Dirk Ruwaard & Frank C. van de Baan & Daan D. Westra, 2021. "We’re Not Gonna Fall: Depressive Complaints, Personal Resilience, Team Social Climate, and Worries about Infections among Hospital Workers during a Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-14, April.
    3. Natascha Mojtahedzadeh & Tanja Wirth & Albert Nienhaus & Volker Harth & Stefanie Mache, 2021. "Job Demands, Resources and Strains of Outpatient Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-26, April.
    4. Cohen, Jennifer & Rodgers, Yana, 2020. "Contributing Factors to Personal Protective Equipment Shortages during the COVID-19 Pandemic," MPRA Paper 103496, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Lee Cronbach, 1951. "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 16(3), pages 297-334, September.
    6. Yuki Sahashi & Hirohisa Endo & Tadafumi Sugimoto & Takeru Nabeta & Kimitaka Nishizaki & Atsushi Kikuchi & Shingo Matsumoto & Hiroyuki Sato & Tadahiro Goto & Kohei Hasegawa & Yuya Matsue, 2021. "Worries and concerns among healthcare workers during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adam N. Collinge & Peter A. Bath, 2023. "Socioeconomic Background and Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Petra Lücker & Anika Kästner & Arne Hannich & Lena Schmeyers & Janny Lücker & Wolfgang Hoffmann, 2022. "Stress, Coping and Considerations of Leaving the Profession—A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Teachers and School Principals after Two Years of the Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Gabriela Topa & Mercedes Aranda-Carmena, 2022. "Job Crafting in Nursing: Mediation between Work Engagement and Job Performance in a Multisample Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-11, October.

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