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Inequalities in the Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of Trends from 1990 to 2019

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  • Nóra Kovács

    (Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary)

  • Attila Nagy

    (Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary)

  • Viktor Dombrádi

    (Health Services Management Training Centre, Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, 1125 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Klára Bíró

    (Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary)

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the burden of complications are increasing worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one serious complication. Our aim was to investigate the trends and inequalities of the burden of CKD due to T2DM between 1990 and 2019. Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange database. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates of CKD were used to estimate the disease burden across the Human Development Index (HDI). Joinpoint regression was performed to assess changes in trend, and the Gini coefficient was used to assess health inequality. A higher incidence was observed in more developed countries ( p < 0.001), while higher mortality and DALYs rates were experienced in low and middle HDI countries in 2019 ( p < 0.001). The trend of incidence has increased since 1990 (AAPC: 0.9–1.5%), while slight decrease was observed in low HDI countries in mortality (APC: −0.1%) and DALYs (APC: −0.2%). The Gini coefficients of CKD incidence decreased from 0.25 in 2006 to 0.23 in 2019. The socioeconomic development was associated with disease burden. Our findings indicate that awareness of complications should be improved in countries with high incidence, and cost-effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools are necessary to implement in less developed regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nóra Kovács & Attila Nagy & Viktor Dombrádi & Klára Bíró, 2021. "Inequalities in the Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of Trends from 1990 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4723-:d:545698
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bleichrodt, Han & van Doorslaer, Eddy, 2006. "A welfare economics foundation for health inequality measurement," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 945-957, September.
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