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Are Essential Women’s Healthcare Services Fully Covered? A Comparative Analysis of Policy Documents in Shanghai and New York City from 1978–2017

Author

Listed:
  • Qingyu Zhou

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    These authors contributed to the work equally.)

  • Qinwen Yu

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    These authors contributed to the work equally.)

  • Xin Wang

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Peiwu Shi

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310012, China)

  • Qunhong Shen

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Zhaoyang Zhang

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Project Supervision Center of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Zheng Chen

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Grassroots Public Health Management Group, Public Health Management Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Shanghai 201800, China)

  • Chuan Pu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)

  • Lingzhong Xu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Zhi Hu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China)

  • Anning Ma

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China)

  • Zhaohui Gong

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Committee on Medicine and Health of Central Committee of China Zhi Gong Party, Beijing 100011, China)

  • Tianqiang Xu

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Institute of Inspection and Supervision, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 200031, China)

  • Panshi Wang

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Shanghai 200031, China)

  • Hua Wang

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Jiangsu Preventive Medicine Association, Nanjing 210009, China)

  • Chao Hao

    (Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou 213003, China)

  • Li Li

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Xiang Gao

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Chengyue Li

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Mo Hao

    (Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the changes in the 10 major categories of women’s healthcare services (WHSs) in Shanghai (SH) and New York City (NYC) from 1978 to 2017, and examine the relationship between these changes and maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Content analysis of available public policy documents concerning women’s health was conducted. Two indicators were designed to represent the delivery of WHSs: The essential women’s healthcare service coverage rate (ESCR) and the assessable essential healthcare service coverage rate (AESCR). Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the two indicators and MMR. In SH, the ESCR increased from 10% to 90%, AESCR increased from 0% to 90%, and MMR decreased from 24.0/100,000 to 1.01/100,000. In NYC, the ESCR increased from 0% to 80%, the AESCR increased from 0% to 60%, and the MMR decreased from 24.7/100,000 to 21.4/100,000. The MMR significantly decreased as both indicators increased ( p < 0.01). Major advances have been made in women’s healthcare in both cities, with SH having a better improvement effect. A common shortcoming for both was the lack of menopausal health service provision. The promotion of women’s health still needs to receive continuous attention from governments of SH and NYC. The experiences of the two cities showed that placing WHSs among policy priorities is effective in improving service status.

Suggested Citation

  • Qingyu Zhou & Qinwen Yu & Xin Wang & Peiwu Shi & Qunhong Shen & Zhaoyang Zhang & Zheng Chen & Chuan Pu & Lingzhong Xu & Zhi Hu & Anning Ma & Zhaohui Gong & Tianqiang Xu & Panshi Wang & Hua Wang & Chao, 2021. "Are Essential Women’s Healthcare Services Fully Covered? A Comparative Analysis of Policy Documents in Shanghai and New York City from 1978–2017," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4261-:d:538001
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joyce, Theodore, 1999. "Impact of augmented prenatal care on birth outcomes of Medicaid recipients in New York City," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 31-67, January.
    2. Karen Smith Conway & Andrea Kutinova, 2006. "Maternal health: does prenatal care make a difference?," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(5), pages 461-488, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qingjun Zhao & Meijing Song & Hanrui Wang, 2022. "Voting with Your Feet: The Impact of Urban Public Health Service Accessibility on the Permanent Migration Intentions of Rural Migrants in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-20, November.

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