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Analyses of Commercially Available Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs Formulated with Compliant and Non-Compliant Ethanol

Author

Listed:
  • Timothy J. Tse

    (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada)

  • Fina B. Nelson

    (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada)

  • Martin J. T. Reaney

    (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
    Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada
    Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic led to panic-buying of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs). In response, governmental agencies (e.g., Health Canada) permitted the sale of ABHRs formulated with “technical-grade” ethanol to alleviate the growing demand. Technical-grade ethanol contains elevated concentrations of impurities (e.g., acetaldehyde, etc.), which may exhibit dose-dependent toxicity. In this study, a rapid solvent extraction was employed to analyze gelled ABHRs via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In total, 26 liquid and 16 gelled ABHRs were analyzed for nine common impurities to determine compliance with Health Canada interim guidelines. Of 42 samples analyzed, 11 ABHRs appear to be non-compliant with interim Health Canada guidelines. Non-compliant ABHRs exhibited elevated concentrations of acetaldehyde, with a maximal concentration observed of 251 ± 10 µL L −1 ; 3.3× higher than currently permitted. Nonetheless, frequent testing of ABHRs should be routinely conducted to reduce the risk of consumer exposure to non-compliant ABHRs.

Suggested Citation

  • Timothy J. Tse & Fina B. Nelson & Martin J. T. Reaney, 2021. "Analyses of Commercially Available Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs Formulated with Compliant and Non-Compliant Ethanol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3766-:d:530089
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Cosmas S. Mwanakaba & Zachary Siagi & Paul Maina & Mwansa Kaoma, 2024. "Enhanced Bioethanol Production from Corn Stover Using Choline Chloride and Lactic Acid Pretreatment: A Gravimetric analysis Approach," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(3s), pages 2945-2952, March.
    2. Lauren E. Gloekler & Elise J. de Gandiaga & Natalie R. Binczewski & Katie G. Steimel & Andrey Massarsky & Jordan Kozal & Melissa Vincent & Rachel Zisook & Mark J. LaGuardia & Scott Dotson & Shannon Ga, 2022. "Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Hand Sanitizer Products Marketed to Children Available during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-18, November.

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