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Risk Factors for Acute Urticaria in Central California

Author

Listed:
  • Rohan Jadhav

    (Department of Public Health and Central Valley Health Policy Institute, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA)

  • Emanuel Alcala

    (Department of Public Health and Central Valley Health Policy Institute, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA)

  • Sarah Sirota

    (Department of Public Health and Central Valley Health Policy Institute, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA)

  • John Capitman

    (Department of Public Health and Central Valley Health Policy Institute, College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA)

Abstract

At least 15–20% of the population in the world suffers from urticaria. Allergy triggers contribute to the development of urticaria. Not much is known about the demographic and environmental risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of acute urticaria. Methods: We utilized emergency department data on acute urticaria-related visits managed by the California Office of Statewide Planning and Operations for 201 zip codes located in southern central California (San Joaquin Valley) collected during the years 2016 and 2017. Census data from the same zip codes were considered as a population at risk. Socioeconomic and environmental parameters using CalEnviroScreen (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Sacramento, CA, USA) database for the zip codes were evaluated as risk factors. Results: The incidence rate of acute urticaria in San Joaquin Valley during 2016–2017 was 1.56/1000 persons ( n = 14,417 cases). Multivariate Poisson analysis revealed that zip codes with high population density (RR = 2.81), high percentage of farm workers (RR = 1.49), and the composite of those with high and medium percentage of poverty and those with high and medium percentage of non-white residents (RR = 1.59) increased the likelihood of the occurrence of acute urticaria. Conclusion: High population density, farm work, poverty and minority status is associated with a high risk of having acute urticaria.

Suggested Citation

  • Rohan Jadhav & Emanuel Alcala & Sarah Sirota & John Capitman, 2021. "Risk Factors for Acute Urticaria in Central California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3728-:d:529456
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giulio Arcangeli & Veronica Traversini & Emanuela Tomasini & Antonio Baldassarre & Luigi Isaia Lecca & Raymond P. Galea & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "Allergic Anaphylactic Risk in Farming Activities: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-20, July.
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