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Psychometric Properties of the Translated Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale for Chinese Adults with Coronary Heart Disease or Risk Factors

Author

Listed:
  • Ting Liu

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong)

  • Aileen Wai Kiu Chan

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong)

  • Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae

    (College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin, P.O. Box 210203, Tucson, AZ 85721-0203, USA)

  • Kai-Chow Choi

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong)

  • Sek-Ying Chair

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong)

Abstract

Tai Chi is an effective exercise option for individuals with coronary heart disease or its associated risk factors. An accurate and systematic assessment of a Mandarin-speaking adults’ self-efficacy in maintaining Tai Chi exercise is lacking. Mandarin Chinese has the most speakers worldwide. This study aimed to translate the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale and examine its psychometric properties. The 14-item Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale was translated from English into Mandarin Chinese using a forward-translation, back-translation, committee approach, and pre-test procedure. Participants with coronary heart disease or risk factors ( n = 140) enrolled in a cross-sectional study for scale validation. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the two-factor structure (Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy barriers and performance) to this sample. The translated scale demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.97, and good test-retest reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.86 ( p < 0.01). Participants with prior Tai Chi experience reported significantly higher scores than those without ( p < 0.001), supporting known-group validity. A significant correlation was observed between the translated scale and total exercise per week (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), providing evidence of concurrent validity. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale is a valid and reliable scale for Chinese adults with coronary heart disease or risk factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Ting Liu & Aileen Wai Kiu Chan & Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae & Kai-Chow Choi & Sek-Ying Chair, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Translated Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale for Chinese Adults with Coronary Heart Disease or Risk Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3651-:d:527745
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ruth Taylor-Piliae & Hanne Dolan & Aodet Yako, 2021. "Stroke Survivors’ Personal Efficacy Beliefs and Outcome Expectations of Tai Chi Exercise: A Qualitative Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Man Jiang & Hongli Yu & Juan He & Guoping Qian & Marcin Bialas, 2023. "Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Instructional Models in Training In-Service Physical Education Teachers in Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.

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