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Analysis of Body Perception, Preworkout Meal Habits and Bone Resorption in Child Gymnasts

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandra Amato

    (Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Patrizia Proia

    (Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Gaetano Felice Caldara

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy
    Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Angelina Alongi

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Ferrantelli

    (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy)

  • Sara Baldassano

    (Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

The beneficial effects of physical activity on body image perception and bone are debated among artistic gymnasts. Gymnasts seem to be at greater risk of developing body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and osteoporosis due to inadequate nutrition and attention to the appearance of the body. The objective of this work was to investigate the association between the artistic gymnast and a more favorable body image compared to their sedentary peers and if a preworkout high-carbohydrate meal (HCM; 300 kcal, 88% carbohydrates, 9% protein, 3% fat) or high-protein meal (HPM; 300 kcal, 55% carbohydrates, 31% protein, 13% fat) is able to attenuate bone resorption in young rhythmic gymnasts. Twenty-eight preadolescent female gymnasts were examined. Self-esteem tests were used to analyze body image perception. Preworkout eating habits were examined by short food frequency questions (FFQ) validated for children. The biomarker of the bone resorption C-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (CTX) was measured in the urine (fasting, postmeal and postworkout). Gymnasts reported higher satisfaction with their body appearance compared to sedentary peers. Of the gymnasts, 30% did not have a preworkout meal regularly, and the timing of the consumption was variable. Bone resorption was decreased by the HCM, consumed 90 min before the training, with respect to the HPM. The study suggests that playing artistic gymnastics is associated with a positive body self-perception in a child. The variability in preworkout meal frequency and timing need attention to prevent inadequate eating habits in light of the ability of the HCM to reduce acute bone resorption.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandra Amato & Patrizia Proia & Gaetano Felice Caldara & Angelina Alongi & Vincenzo Ferrantelli & Sara Baldassano, 2021. "Analysis of Body Perception, Preworkout Meal Habits and Bone Resorption in Child Gymnasts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:2184-:d:504376
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rasa Jankauskiene & Migle Baceviciene & Laima Trinkuniene, 2020. "Examining Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating In Adolescents of Different Sports Practice: Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Xiu Yun Wu & Wen Qiang Yin & Hong Wei Sun & Shu Xiang Yang & Xin Yang Li & Hong Qing Liu, 2019. "The association between disordered eating and health-related quality of life among children and adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-17, October.
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    1. Alessandra Amato & Sara Baldassano & Sonya Vasto & Giuseppe Schirò & Chiara Davì & Patrik Drid & Felipe Augusto Dos Santos Mendes & Rosalia Caldarella & Marco D’Amelio & Patrizia Proia, 2022. "Effects of a Resistance Training Protocol on Physical Performance, Body Composition, Bone Metabolism, and Systemic Homeostasis in Patients Diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Sara Baldassano & Anna Alioto & Alessandra Amato & Carlo Rossi & Giulia Messina & Maria Roberta Bruno & Roberta Stallone & Patrizia Proia, 2023. "Fighting the Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mindfulness, Exercise, and Nutrition Practices to Reduce Eating Disorders and Promote Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, January.

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