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Backstroke to Breaststroke Turning Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Pull-Out Strategy

Author

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  • Phornpot Chainok

    (Faculty of Sport Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
    Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

  • Leandro Machado

    (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

  • Karla de Jesus

    (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Amazonas 69067-005, Brazil)

  • J. Arturo Abraldes

    (Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

  • Márcio Borgonovo-Santos

    (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

  • Ricardo J. Fernandes

    (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

  • João Paulo Vilas-Boas

    (Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

We compared the hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategies of four backstroke-to-breaststroke turning techniques in young swimmers. Eighteen 11 and 12-year-old swimmers participated in a 4 week intervention program including 16 contextual interference sessions. The hydrodynamic variables were assessed through inverse dynamics, and the pull-out strategy kinematics were assessed with tracking markers followed by 12 land cameras and 11 underwater cameras. Swimmers randomly completed sixteen 30 m maximal backstroke-to breaststroke-open, somersault, bucket and crossover turns (four in each technique) with a 3 min rest. The data showed higher drag force, cross-sectional area and drag coefficient values for the first (compared with the second) gliding position. The crossover turn revealed the highest push-off velocity (2.17 ± 0.05 m·s −1 ), and the somersault turn demonstrated the lowest foot plant index (0.68 ± 0.03; 68%), which could have affected the first gliding, transition and second gliding depths (0.73 ± 0.13, 0.86 ± 0.17 and 0.76 ± 0.17 m). The data revealed the consistency of the time spent (4.86 ± 0.98 s) and breakout distance (6.04 ± 0.94 m) among the four turning techniques, and no differences were observed between them regarding time and average velocity up to 7.5 m. The hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategy of the backstroke-to-breaststroke turns performed by the age group swimmers were independent of the selected technique.

Suggested Citation

  • Phornpot Chainok & Leandro Machado & Karla de Jesus & J. Arturo Abraldes & Márcio Borgonovo-Santos & Ricardo J. Fernandes & João Paulo Vilas-Boas, 2021. "Backstroke to Breaststroke Turning Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Pull-Out Strategy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1858-:d:499308
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ricardo Peterson Silveira & Susana Maria Soares & Rodrigo Zacca & Francisco B. Alves & Ricardo J. Fernandes & Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro & João Paulo Vilas-Boas, 2019. "A Biophysical Analysis on the Arm Stroke Efficiency in Front Crawl Swimming: Comparing Methods and Determining the Main Performance Predictors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-20, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Santiago Veiga & Jorge Lorenzo & Alfonso Trinidad & Robin Pla & Andrea Fallas-Campos & Alfonso de la Rubia, 2022. "Kinematic Analysis of the Underwater Undulatory Swimming Cycle: A Systematic and Synthetic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-26, September.

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