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Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Author

Listed:
  • Javier Díez-Domingo

    (Vaccine Research Area, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain)

  • Víctor Sánchez-Alonso

    (Instituto Universitario de Matemática Multidisciplinar, 8G building, 2nd Floor, Camino de Vera, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Rafael-J. Villanueva

    (Instituto Universitario de Matemática Multidisciplinar, 8G building, 2nd Floor, Camino de Vera, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Luis Acedo

    (Department Mathematics, University of Extremadura (Centro Universitario de Plasencia), 10600 Plasencia, Spain)

  • José Tuells

    (Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

Abstract

A major challenge in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programs is the universal gender-neutral recommendation, as well as estimation of its long-term effect. The objective of this study is to predict the added benefit of male vaccination, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM), and to analyze the impact of the program on society. We propose a mathematical model of the HPV infection based on a network paradigm. Data from Spain allowed constructing the sexual network. HPV force of infection was taken from literature. Different scenarios using variable vaccine coverage in both males and females were studied. Strong herd immunity is shown in the heterosexual population, with an important decrease of HPV 6/11 infections both in men and in unvaccinated women with an only-women vaccination at 14 years of age. No impact of this program occurred in the infection incidence in MSM. This group would only benefit from a vaccination program that includes males. However, the impact at short term would be lower than in heterosexual men. The protection of MSM can only be achieved by direct vaccination of males. This may have important consequences for public health.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Díez-Domingo & Víctor Sánchez-Alonso & Rafael-J. Villanueva & Luis Acedo & José Tuells, 2021. "Impact of a Gender-Neutral HPV Vaccination Program in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:963-:d:485461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emily A Burger & Stephen Sy & Mari Nygård & Ivar S Kristiansen & Jane J Kim, 2014. "Prevention of HPV-Related Cancers in Norway: Cost-Effectiveness of Expanding the HPV Vaccination Program to Include Pre-Adolescent Boys," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qiao Chen & Tianyi Zhou & Xiaoni Zhong, 2022. "Factors Related to HPV Vaccination Intention among MSM in China: A Bayesian Network Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-10, November.

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