IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i3p1073-d487018.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Exposure from 5G Mobile Communications at 28 GHZ in Adults and Children Users for Real-World Exposure Scenarios

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Sole Morelli

    (U.O.C. Infotel, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Silvia Gallucci

    (DIITET Department, Institute of Electronics and Information and Telecommunications Engineering IEIIT-CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
    Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Beatrice Siervo

    (Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Valentina Hartwig

    (DSB Department, Institute of Clinical Physiology IFC-CNR, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

The recent development of millimeter-wave (mmW) technologies, such as the fifth-generation (5G) network, comes with concerns related to user exposure. A quite large number of dosimetry studies above 6 GHz have been conducted, with the main purpose being to establish the correlation between different dosimetric parameters and the skin surface temperature elevation. However, the dosimetric studies from 28 GHz user equipment using different voxel models have not been comprehensively discussed yet. In this study, we used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for the estimation of the absorption of radiofrequency (RF) energy from a microstrip patch antenna array (28 GHz) in different human models. Specifically, we analyzed different exposure conditions simulating three real common scenarios (a phone call scenario, message writing scenario, and browsing scenario) regarding the use of smartphones/tablets by four different individuals (adult male and female, child male and female). From the results of Absorbed Power Density (Sab), it is possible to conclude that all the considered exposure scenarios comply with the safety limits, both for adult and children models. However, the high values of the local Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the superficial tissues and the slight differences in its distribution between adults and children suggest the need for further and more detailed analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Sole Morelli & Silvia Gallucci & Beatrice Siervo & Valentina Hartwig, 2021. "Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Exposure from 5G Mobile Communications at 28 GHZ in Adults and Children Users for Real-World Exposure Scenarios," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1073-:d:487018
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/1073/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/1073/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marta Bonato & Laura Dossi & Silvia Gallucci & Martina Benini & Gabriella Tognola & Marta Parazzini, 2022. "Assessment of Human Exposure Levels Due to Mobile Phone Antennas in 5G Networks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Silvia Groiss & Roland Lammegger & Dagmar Brislinger, 2021. "Anti-Oxidative and Immune Regulatory Responses of THP-1 and PBMC to Pulsed EMF Are Field-Strength Dependent," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-15, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1073-:d:487018. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.